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Spatial understanding over continuous visual input is crucial for MLLMs to evolve into general-purpose assistants in physical environments. Yet there is still no comprehensive benchmark that holistically assesses the progress toward this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Jingli Lin , Runsen Xu , Shaohao Zhu , Sihan Yang , Peizhou Cao , Yunlong Ran , Miao Hu , Chenming Zhu , Yiman Xie , Yilin Long , Wenbo Hu , Dahua Lin , Tai Wang , Jiangmiao Pang

Multimodal Language Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate the emerging abilities of "world models" -- interpreting and reasoning about complex real-world dynamics. To assess these abilities, we posit videos are the ideal medium, as they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Xuehai He , Weixi Feng , Kaizhi Zheng , Yujie Lu , Wanrong Zhu , Jiachen Li , Yue Fan , Jianfeng Wang , Linjie Li , Zhengyuan Yang , Kevin Lin , William Yang Wang , Lijuan Wang , Xin Eric Wang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) perform well in video understanding but degrade on long videos due to fixed-length context and weak long-term dependency modeling. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) can expand knowledge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Zhucun Xue , Jiangning Zhang , Xurong Xie , Yuxuan Cai , Yong Liu , Xiangtai Li , Dacheng Tao

The recent advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has ushered sophisticated reasoning capabilities into the realm of video through Video Large Language Models (VideoLLMs). However, VideoLLMs currently rely on a single vision encoder for all…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Jihoon Chung , Tyler Zhu , Max Gonzalez Saez-Diez , Juan Carlos Niebles , Honglu Zhou , Olga Russakovsky

With the rapid advancement of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), several diagnostic benchmarks have recently been developed to assess these models' multi-modal reasoning proficiency. However, these benchmarks are restricted to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Sanjoy Chowdhury , Sayan Nag , Subhrajyoti Dasgupta , Yaoting Wang , Mohamed Elhoseiny , Ruohan Gao , Dinesh Manocha

Recent studies have shown that long chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning can significantly enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs) on complex tasks. However, this benefit is yet to be demonstrated in the domain of video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yuanxin Liu , Kun Ouyang , Haoning Wu , Yi Liu , Lin Sui , Xinhao Li , Yan Zhong , Y. Charles , Xinyu Zhou , Xu Sun

The rapid progress of Large Language Models (LLMs) has spurred growing interest in Multi-modal LLMs (MLLMs) and motivated the development of benchmarks to evaluate their perceptual and comprehension abilities. Existing benchmarks, however,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Purui Bai , Tao Wu , Jiayang Sun , Xinyue Liu , Huaibo Huang , Ran He

Most existing video understanding benchmarks for multimodal large language models (MLLMs) focus only on short videos. The limited number of benchmarks for long video understanding often rely solely on multiple-choice questions (MCQs).…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Guo Chen , Yicheng Liu , Yifei Huang , Yuping He , Baoqi Pei , Jilan Xu , Yali Wang , Tong Lu , Limin Wang

Human intelligence requires correctness and robustness, with the former being foundational for the latter. In video understanding, correctness ensures the accurate interpretation of visual content, and robustness maintains consistent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Yuanhan Zhang , Yunice Chew , Yuhao Dong , Aria Leo , Bo Hu , Ziwei Liu

With the exponential growth of video data, there is an urgent need for automated technology to analyze and comprehend video content. However, existing video understanding models are often task-specific and lack a comprehensive capability of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Guo Chen , Yin-Dong Zheng , Jiahao Wang , Jilan Xu , Yifei Huang , Junting Pan , Yi Wang , Yali Wang , Yu Qiao , Tong Lu , Limin Wang

Despite the significant advancements of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) on established benchmarks, there remains a notable gap in suitable evaluation regarding their applicability in the emerging domain of long-context streaming video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Zhenyu Yang , Yuhang Hu , Zemin Du , Dizhan Xue , Shengsheng Qian , Jiahong Wu , Fan Yang , Weiming Dong , Changsheng Xu

Existing evaluation frameworks for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) primarily focus on image reasoning or general video understanding tasks, largely overlooking the significant role of image context in video comprehension. To bridge…

Despite impressive advancements in video understanding, most efforts remain limited to coarse-grained or visual-only video tasks. However, real-world videos encompass omni-modal information (vision, audio, and speech) with a series of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Tiantian Geng , Jinrui Zhang , Qingni Wang , Teng Wang , Jinming Duan , Feng Zheng

The advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has enabled significant progress in multimodal understanding, expanding their capacity to analyze video content. However, existing evaluation benchmarks for MLLMs primarily focus…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yolo Y. Tang , Junjia Guo , Hang Hua , Susan Liang , Mingqian Feng , Xinyang Li , Rui Mao , Chao Huang , Jing Bi , Zeliang Zhang , Pooyan Fazli , Chenliang Xu

Precisely evaluating video understanding models remains challenging: commonly used metrics such as BLEU, ROUGE, and BERTScore fail to capture the fineness of human judgment, while obtaining such judgments through manual evaluation is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Abdul Waheed , Zhen Wu , Dareen Alharthi , Seungone Kim , Bhiksha Raj

Advertisement videos serve as a rich and valuable source of purpose-driven information, encompassing high-quality visual, textual, and contextual cues designed to engage viewers. They are often more complex than general videos of similar…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zheyuan Zhang , Monica Dou , Linkai Peng , Hongyi Pan , Ulas Bagci , Boqing Gong

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) show significant strides in general-purpose multimodal applications such as visual dialogue and embodied navigation. However, existing multimodal evaluation benchmarks cover a limited number of…

Understanding long-form videos, such as movies and TV episodes ranging from tens of minutes to two hours, remains a significant challenge for multi-modal models. Existing benchmarks often fail to test the full range of cognitive skills…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Kirolos Ataallah , Eslam Abdelrahman , Mahmoud Ahmed , Chenhui Gou , Khushbu Pahwa , Jian Ding , Mohamed Elhoseiny

Despite the rapid integration of video perception capabilities into Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), the underlying mechanisms driving their video understanding remain poorly understood. Consequently, many design decisions in this domain are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Orr Zohar , Xiaohan Wang , Yann Dubois , Nikhil Mehta , Tong Xiao , Philippe Hansen-Estruch , Licheng Yu , Xiaofang Wang , Felix Juefei-Xu , Ning Zhang , Serena Yeung-Levy , Xide Xia

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have recently played a dominant role in multimodal vision-language learning. Despite the great success, it lacks a holistic evaluation of their efficacy. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Peng Xu , Wenqi Shao , Kaipeng Zhang , Peng Gao , Shuo Liu , Meng Lei , Fanqing Meng , Siyuan Huang , Yu Qiao , Ping Luo