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Data regulations, such as GDPR, are increasingly being adopted globally to protect against unsafe data management practices. Such regulations are, often ambiguous (with multiple valid interpretations) when it comes to defining the expected…

This paper introduces the strategic approach to regulating personal data and the normative foundations of the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation ('GDPR'). We explain the genesis of the GDPR, which is best understood as an…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Chris Jay Hoofnagle , Bart van der Sloot , Frederik Zuiderveen Borgesius

In this paper, we summarize work-in-progress on expert system support to automate some data deposit and release decisions within a data repository, and to generate custom license agreements for those data transfers. Our approach formalizes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Micah Altman , Stephen Chong , Alexandra Wood

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly deployed in legal contexts, where their opacity raises significant challenges for fairness, accountability, and trust. The so-called ``black box problem'' undermines the legitimacy of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Andrada Iulia Prajescu , Roberto Confalonieri

To address the need for regulating digital technologies without hampering innovation or pre-digital transformation regulatory frameworks, we provide a model to evolve Data governance toward Information governance and precise the relation…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Philippe Page , Paul Knowles , Robert Mitwicki

Data protection laws such as GDPR aim to give users unprecedented control over their personal data. Compliance with these regulations requires systematically considering information flow and interactions among entities handling sensitive…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Chinmayi Prabhu Baramashetru , Paola Giannini , Silvia Lizeth Tapia Tarifa , Olaf Owe

Processing personal data is regulated in Europe by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) through data processing agreements (DPAs). Checking the compliance of DPAs contributes to the compliance verification of software systems as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Orlando Amaral , Muhammad Ilyas Azeem , Sallam Abualhaija , Lionel C Briand

Ever-increasingly complex business processes are enabled by loosely coupled cloud-native systems. In such fast-paced development environments, data controllers face the challenge of capturing and updating all personal data processing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Jannis Kiesel , Elias Grünewald

The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), enforced from 25th May 2018, aims to reform how organisations view and control the personal data of private EU citizens. The scope of GDPR is somewhat unprecedented: it regulates every…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-08-23 Sean Sirur , Jason R. C. Nurse , Helena Webb

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) gives control of personal data back to the owners by appointing higher requirements and obligations on service providers who manage and process personal data. As the verification of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Nguyen Binh Truong , Kai Sun , Gyu Myoung Lee , Yike Guo

Privacy Policies are the legal documents that describe the practices that an organization or company has adopted in the handling of the personal data of its users. But as policies are a legal document, they are often written in extensive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Ayesha Qamar , Tehreem Javed , Mirza Omer Beg

Checking the compliance of software against laws, regulations and contracts is increasingly important and costly as the embedding of software into societal practices is becoming more pervasive. Moreover, the digitalised services provided by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-25 L. Thomas van Binsbergen , Christopher A. Esterhuyse , Tim Müller

Most prominent research today addresses compliance with data protection laws through consumer-centric and public-regulatory approaches. We shift this perspective with the Privatech project to focus on corporations and law firms as agents of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-24 David Restrepo Amariles , Aurore Clément Troussel , Rajaa El Hamdani

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) requires an organisation that suffers a data breach to notify the competent Data Protection Authority. The organisation must also inform the relevant individuals, when a data breach threatens…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Frederik Zuiderveen Borgesius , Hadi Asghari , Noël Bangma , Jaap-Henk Hoepman

The European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) grants European users the right to access their data processed and stored by organizations. Although the GDPR contains requirements for data processing organizations (e.g.,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Daniela Pöhn , Nils Gruschka

This article sheds light on legal implications and challenges surrounding emotion data processing within the EU's legal framework. Despite the sensitive nature of emotion data, the GDPR does not categorize it as special data, resulting in a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Andreas Hauselmann , Alan M. Sears , Lex Zard , Eduard Fosch-Villaronga

Article 5(1)(c) of the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) requires that "personal data shall be [...] adequate, relevant, and limited to what is necessary in relation to the purposes for which they are processed…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Asia J. Biega , Peter Potash , Hal Daumé , Fernando Diaz , Michèle Finck

This article examines the principles outlined in the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the context of social network data. We provide both a practical guide to GDPR-compliant social network data processing, covering aspects such…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Andreas Kotsios , Matteo Magnani , Luca Rossi , Irina Shklovski , Davide Vega

The data revolution continues to transform every sector of science, industry and government. Due to the incredible impact of data-driven technology on society, we are becoming increasingly aware of the imperative to use data and algorithms…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Serge Abiteboul , Julia Stoyanovich

Ensuring data quality in machine learning (ML) systems has become increasingly complex as regulatory requirements expand. In the European Union (EU), frameworks such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Artificial…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Yichun Wang , Kristina Irion , Paul Groth , Hazar Harmouch