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Existing autonomous driving systems rely on onboard sensors (cameras, LiDAR, IMU, etc) for environmental perception. However, this paradigm is limited by the drive-time perception horizon and often fails under limited view scope, occlusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Xiaosong Jia , Chenhe Zhang , Yule Jiang , Songbur Wong , Zhiyuan Zhang , Chen Chen , Shaofeng Zhang , Xuanhe Zhou , Xue Yang , Junchi Yan , Yu-Gang Jiang

Ensuring the safety of autonomous robots, such as self-driving vehicles, requires extensive testing across diverse driving scenarios. Simulation is a key ingredient for conducting such testing in a cost-effective and scalable way. Neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Georg Hess , Carl Lindström , Maryam Fatemi , Christoffer Petersson , Lennart Svensson

Traditional methods for autonomous driving are implemented with many building blocks from perception, planning and control, making them difficult to generalize to varied scenarios due to complex assumptions and interdependencies. Recently,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Peide Cai , Yuxiang Sun , Hengli Wang , Ming Liu

Point cloud datasets for perception tasks in the context of autonomous driving often rely on high resolution 64-layer Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) scanners. They are expensive to deploy on real-world autonomous driving sensor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Leonardo Gigli , B Ravi Kiran , Thomas Paul , Andres Serna , Nagarjuna Vemuri , Beatriz Marcotegui , Santiago Velasco-Forero

Autonomous driving (AD) technology, leveraging artificial intelligence, strives for vehicle automation. End-toend strategies, emerging to simplify traditional driving systems by integrating perception, decision-making, and control, offer…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Dong Hu , Chao Huang , Jingda Wu , Hongbo Gao

Effectively capturing intricate interactions among road users is of critical importance to achieving safe navigation for autonomous vehicles. While graph learning (GL) has emerged as a promising approach to tackle this challenge, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Junyao Wang , Arnav Vaibhav Malawade , Junhong Zhou , Shih-Yuan Yu , Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque

Multi-sensor fusion is essential for autonomous vehicle localization, as it is capable of integrating data from various sources for enhanced accuracy and reliability. The accuracy of the integrated location and orientation depends on the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Changhong Lin , Jiarong Lin , Zhiqiang Sui , XiaoZhi Qu , Rui Wang , Kehua Sheng , Bo Zhang

Data scarcity is a bottleneck to machine learning-based perception modules, usually tackled by augmenting real data with synthetic data from simulators. Realistic models of the vehicle perception sensors are hard to formulate in closed…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-03 Ahmad El Sallab , Ibrahim Sobh , Mohamed Zahran , Mohamed Shawky

Lidar-based sensing drives current autonomous vehicles. Despite rapid progress, current Lidar sensors still lag two decades behind traditional color cameras in terms of resolution and cost. For autonomous driving, this means that large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-15 Tianwei Yin , Xingyi Zhou , Philipp Krähenbühl

The pursuit of autonomous driving has produced one of the richest sensor data collections in all of robotics. However, its scale and diversity remain largely untapped. Each dataset adopts different 2D and 3D modalities, such as cameras,…

We present a review of 3D point cloud processing and learning for autonomous driving. As one of the most important sensors in autonomous vehicles, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors collect 3D point clouds that precisely record the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Siheng Chen , Baoan Liu , Chen Feng , Carlos Vallespi-Gonzalez , Carl Wellington

Urban intersections, dense with pedestrian and vehicular traffic and compounded by GPS signal obstructions from high-rise buildings, are among the most challenging areas in urban traffic systems. Traditional single-vehicle intelligence…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Qianxin Qu , Xinyu Zhang , Yifan Cheng , Yijin Xiong , Chen Xia , Qian Peng , Ziqiang Song , Kang Liu , Xin Wu , Jun Li

Fusing Radar and Lidar sensor data can fully utilize their complementary advantages and provide more accurate reconstruction of the surrounding for autonomous driving systems. Surround Radar/Lidar can provide 360-degree view sampling with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Wenjing Xie , Tao Hu , Neiwen Ling , Guoliang Xing , Chun Jason Xue , Nan Guan

LiDAR sensors are a key modality for 3D perception, yet they are typically designed independently of downstream tasks such as point cloud registration. Conventional registration operates on pre-acquired datasets with fixed LiDAR…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Siddhant Katyan , Marc-André Gardner , Jean-François Lalonde

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) can benefit from roadside 4D mmWave radar sensors for large-scale traffic monitoring due to their weatherproof functionality, long sensing range and low manufacturing cost. However, the localization…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Longfei Han , Qiuyu Xu , Klaus Kefferpütz , Gordon Elger , Jürgen Beyerer

LiDAR has become a standard sensor for autonomous driving applications as they provide highly precise 3D point clouds. LiDAR is also robust for low-light scenarios at night-time or due to shadows where the performance of cameras is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Khaled El Madawy , Hazem Rashed , Ahmad El Sallab , Omar Nasr , Hanan Kamel , Senthil Yogamani

End-to-End (E2E) planning has become a powerful paradigm for autonomous driving, yet current systems remain fundamentally uncertainty-blind. They assume perception outputs are fully reliable, even in ambiguous or poorly observed scenes,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Wonjeong Ryu , Seungjun Yu , Seokha Moon , Hojun Choi , Junsung Park , Jinkyu Kim , Hyunjung Shim

The use of infrastructure sensor technology for traffic detection has already been proven several times. However, extrinsic sensor calibration is still a challenge for the operator. While previous approaches are unable to calibrate the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Laurent Kloeker , Christian Kotulla , Lutz Eckstein

LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) is an essential and widely adopted sensor for autonomous vehicles, particularly for those vehicles operating at higher levels (L4-L5) of autonomy. Recent work has demonstrated the promise of deep-learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-22 Bernie Wang , Virginia Wu , Bichen Wu , Kurt Keutzer

Vehicle detection and tracking is a core ingredient for developing autonomous driving applications in urban scenarios. Recent image-based Deep Learning (DL) techniques are obtaining breakthrough results in these perceptive tasks. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-27 Victor Vaquero , Ivan del Pino , Francesc Moreno-Noguer , Joan Solà , Alberto Sanfeliu , Juan Andrade-Cetto