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Class-incremental learning (CIL) aims to continually learn a sequence of tasks, with each task consisting of a set of unique classes. Graph CIL (GCIL) follows the same setting but needs to deal with graph tasks (e.g., node classification in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Chaoxi Niu , Guansong Pang , Ling Chen , Bing Liu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) often suffer from "catastrophic forgetting" during incremental learning (IL) --- an abrupt degradation of performance on the original set of classes when the training objective is adapted to a newly added set of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-17 Junting Zhang , Jie Zhang , Shalini Ghosh , Dawei Li , Serafettin Tasci , Larry Heck , Heming Zhang , C. -C. Jay Kuo

Continual learning aims to improve the ability of modern learning systems to deal with non-stationary distributions, typically by attempting to learn a series of tasks sequentially. Prior art in the field has largely considered supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Dushyant Rao , Francesco Visin , Andrei A. Rusu , Yee Whye Teh , Razvan Pascanu , Raia Hadsell

We observe a high level of imbalance in the accuracy of different classes in the same old task for the first time. This intriguing phenomenon, discovered in replay-based Class Incremental Learning (CIL), highlights the imbalanced forgetting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Shixiong Xu , Gaofeng Meng , Xing Nie , Bolin Ni , Bin Fan , Shiming Xiang

Neural networks suffer from catastrophic forgetting in class-incremental learning (CIL) settings. Rehearsal$\unicode{x2013}$replaying a subset of past samples$\unicode{x2013}$is a well-established mitigation strategy. However, recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Alberto Tamajo , Srinandan Dasmahapatra , Rahman Attar

Continual learning aims to provide intelligent agents that are capable of learning continually a sequence of tasks, building on previously learned knowledge. A key challenge in this learning paradigm is catastrophically forgetting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Ghada Sokar , Decebal Constantin Mocanu , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Class Incremental Learning (CIL) aims at learning a multi-class classifier in a phase-by-phase manner, in which only data of a subset of the classes are provided at each phase. Previous works mainly focus on mitigating forgetting in phases…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Yujun Shi , Kuangqi Zhou , Jian Liang , Zihang Jiang , Jiashi Feng , Philip Torr , Song Bai , Vincent Y. F. Tan

Deep neural networks perform remarkably well in close-world scenarios. However, novel classes emerged continually in real applications, making it necessary to learn incrementally. Class-incremental learning (CIL) aims to gradually recognize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Wenzhuo Liu , Fei Zhu , Cheng-Lin Liu

Imitation learning (IL) is a framework that learns to imitate expert behavior from demonstrations. Recently, IL shows promising results on high dimensional and control tasks. However, IL typically suffers from sample inefficiency in terms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Lihua Zhang

Imitation learning (IL) is a popular paradigm for training policies in robotic systems when specifying the reward function is difficult. However, despite the success of IL algorithms, they impose the somewhat unrealistic requirement that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Luca Viano , Yu-Ting Huang , Parameswaran Kamalaruban , Craig Innes , Subramanian Ramamoorthy , Adrian Weller

Contrastive Learning (CL) has been proved to be a powerful self-supervised approach for a wide range of domains, including computer vision and graph representation learning. However, the incremental learning issue of CL has rarely been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Cheng Ji , Jianxin Li , Hao Peng , Jia Wu , Xingcheng Fu , Qingyun Sun , Phillip S. Yu

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable progress, yet their large scale often renders them impractical for resource-constrained environments. This paper introduces Unified Reinforcement and Imitation Learning (RIL), a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Byung-Kwan Lee , Ryo Hachiuma , Yong Man Ro , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang , Yueh-Hua Wu

Class Incremental Learning (CIL) aims to continuously learn new categories while retaining the knowledge of old ones. Pre-trained models (PTMs) show promising capabilities in CIL. However, existing approaches that apply lightweight…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Kai Jiang , Zhengyan Shi , Dell Zhang , Hongyuan Zhang , Xuelong Li

The ability of artificial agents to increment their capabilities when confronted with new data is an open challenge in artificial intelligence. The main challenge faced in such cases is catastrophic forgetting, i.e., the tendency of neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Eden Belouadah , Adrian Popescu , Ioannis Kanellos

The emergence of in-context learning (ICL) enables large pre-trained language models (PLMs) to make predictions for unseen inputs without updating parameters. Despite its potential, ICL's effectiveness heavily relies on the quality,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Xiaoling Zhou , Wei Ye , Yidong Wang , Chaoya Jiang , Zhemg Lee , Rui Xie , Shikun Zhang

Class incremental learning (CIL) aims to learn a model that can not only incrementally accommodate new classes, but also maintain the learned knowledge of old classes. Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection in CIL is to retain this incremental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Wenjun Miao , Guansong Pang , Trong-Tung Nguyen , Ruohang Fang , Jin Zheng , Xiao Bai

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) aims to sequentially learn new classes while mitigating catastrophic forgetting of previously learned knowledge. Conventional CIL approaches implicitly assume that classes are morphologically static,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zheng Zhang , Tao Hu , Xueheng Li , Yang Wang , Rui Li , Jie Zhang , Chengjun Xie

The rehearsal strategy is widely used to alleviate the catastrophic forgetting problem in class incremental learning (CIL) by preserving limited exemplars from previous tasks. With imbalanced sample numbers between old and new classes, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Xiuwei Chen , Xiaobin Chang

The problem of class incremental learning (CIL) is considered. State-of-the-art approaches use a dynamic architecture based on network expansion (NE), in which a task expert is added per task. While effective from a computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Zhiyuan Hu , Yunsheng Li , Jiancheng Lyu , Dashan Gao , Nuno Vasconcelos

Class-incremental learning (CIL) aims to train a classification model while the number of classes increases phase-by-phase. An inherent challenge of CIL is the stability-plasticity tradeoff, i.e., CIL models should keep stable to retain old…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Yaoyao Liu , Yingying Li , Bernt Schiele , Qianru Sun