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Tree ensemble algorithms as RandomForest and GradientBoosting are currently the dominant methods for modeling discrete or tabular data, however, they are unable to perform a hierarchical representation learning from raw data as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Ángel Delgado-Panadero , José Alberto Benítez-Andrades , María Teresa García-Ordás

Deep neural networks (DNNs) and decision trees (DTs) are both state-of-the-art classifiers. DNNs perform well due to their representational learning capabilities, while DTs are computationally efficient as they perform inference along one…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Noam Gottlieb , Michael Werman

Autoregressive large language models (LLMs) compress knowledge from their training data through next-token conditional distributions. This limits tractable querying of this knowledge to start-to-end autoregressive sampling. However, many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Edward J. Hu , Moksh Jain , Eric Elmoznino , Younesse Kaddar , Guillaume Lajoie , Yoshua Bengio , Nikolay Malkin

Decision Trees (DTs) are commonly used for many machine learning tasks due to their high degree of interpretability. However, learning a DT from data is a difficult optimization problem, as it is non-convex and non-differentiable.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Sascha Marton , Stefan Lüdtke , Christian Bartelt , Heiner Stuckenschmidt

Neural architectures such as Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Transformers, and State-Space Models have shown great success in handling sequential data by learning temporal dependencies. Decision Trees (DTs), on the other hand, remain a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Sascha Marton , Moritz Schneider

We address the problem of finding influential training samples for a particular case of tree ensemble-based models, e.g., Random Forest (RF) or Gradient Boosted Decision Trees (GBDT). A natural way of formalizing this problem is studying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Boris Sharchilev , Yury Ustinovsky , Pavel Serdyukov , Maarten de Rijke

In this work a novel, automated process for constructing and initializing deep feed-forward neural networks based on decision trees is presented. The proposed algorithm maps a collection of decision trees trained on the data into a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-04 K. D. Humbird , J. L. Peterson , R. G. McClarren

Tree-based models are widely recognized for their interpretability and have proven effective in various application domains, particularly in high-stakes domains. However, learning decision trees (DTs) poses a significant challenge due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Sascha Marton

Generative flow networks (GFlowNets) are amortized variational inference algorithms that treat sampling from a distribution over compositional objects as a sequential decision-making problem with a learnable action policy. Unlike other…

Without any assumptions about data generation, multiple causal models may explain our observations equally well. To avoid selecting a single arbitrary model that could result in unsafe decisions if it does not match reality, it is therefore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Tristan Deleu

Axis-aligned decision forests have long been the leading class of machine learning algorithms for modeling tabular data. In many applications of machine learning such as learning-to-rank, decision forests deliver remarkable performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Sebastian Bruch , Jan Pfeifer , Mathieu Guillame-bert

In order to speed-up classification models when facing a large number of categories, one usual approach consists in organizing the categories in a particular structure, this structure being then used as a way to speed-up the prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-26 Aurélia Léon , Ludovic Denoyer

We focus on generative AI for a type of data that still represent one of the most prevalent form of data: tabular data. Our paper introduces two key contributions: a new powerful class of forest-based models fit for such tasks and a simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Richard Nock , Mathieu Guillame-Bert

In decision-making problems with limited training data, policy functions approximated using deep neural networks often exhibit suboptimal performance. An alternative approach involves learning a world model from the limited data and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Dixant Mittal , Wee Sun Lee

Modern learning systems increasingly rely on amortized learning - the idea of reusing computation or inductive biases shared across tasks to enable rapid generalization to novel problems. This principle spans a range of approaches,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Sarthak Mittal , Divyat Mahajan , Guillaume Lajoie , Mohammad Pezeshki

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) enable structured generation with inherent diversity, but existing sampling strategies often rely on weak guided exploration, slowing early discovery of high-reward candidates. In tasks such as molecular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Rui Zhu , Yudong Zhang , Xuan Yu , Chen Zhang , Xu Wang , Yang Wang

Decision trees are renowned for their ability to achieve high predictive performance while remaining interpretable, especially on tabular data. Traditionally, they are constructed through recursive algorithms, where they partition the data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Yufan Zhuang , Liyuan Liu , Chandan Singh , Jingbo Shang , Jianfeng Gao

Decision trees and their ensembles are popular in machine learning as easy-to-understand models. Several techniques have been proposed in the literature for learning tree-based classifiers, with different techniques working well for data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Maria-Florina Balcan , Dravyansh Sharma

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) are amortized samplers that learn stochastic policies to sequentially generate compositional objects from a given unnormalized reward distribution. They can generate diverse sets of high-reward objects,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Ling Pan , Moksh Jain , Kanika Madan , Yoshua Bengio

While Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) achieve spectacular results on unstructured data like images, there is still a gap on tabular data, data for which state of the art supervised learning still favours to a large extent decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Richard Nock , Mathieu Guillame-Bert
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