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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances factual grounding by integrating retrieval mechanisms with generative models but introduces new attack surfaces, particularly through backdoor attacks. While prior research has largely focused…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Gaurav Bagwe , Saket S. Chaturvedi , Xiaolong Ma , Xiaoyong Yuan , Kuang-Ching Wang , Lan Zhang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, in which an adversary inserts malicious documents containing carefully crafted injected prompts into the knowledge database. When a user issues a question…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Weifei Jin , Xilong Wang , Wei Zou , Jinyuan Jia , Neil Gong

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by connecting them to external knowledge, improving accuracy and reducing outdated information. However, this introduces challenges such as factual inconsistencies,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Armin Gerami , Kazem Faghih , Ramani Duraiswami

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating their parametric knowledge with external retrieved content. However, knowledge conflicts caused by internal inconsistencies or noisy retrieved content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Juan Chen , Baolong Bi , Wei Zhang , Jingyan Sui , Xiaofei Zhu , Yuanzhuo Wang , Lingrui Mei , Shenghua Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has significantly enhanced LLMs by incorporating external information. However, prevailing agentic RAG approaches are constrained by a critical limitation: they treat the retrieval process as a black-box…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yulong Hui , Chao Chen , Zhihang Fu , Yihao Liu , Jieping Ye , Huanchen Zhang

Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDS/IPS) in large enterprises can generate hundreds of thousands of alerts per hour, overwhelming analysts with logs requiring rapidly evolving expertise. Conventional machine-learning detectors…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Francesco Blefari , Cristian Cosentino , Francesco Aurelio Pironti , Angelo Furfaro , Fabrizio Marozzo

Retrieval Augmented Generation enhances the response accuracy of Large Language Models (LLMs) by integrating retrieval and generation modules with external knowledge, demonstrating particular strength in real-time queries and Visual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Qixin Sun , Ziqin Wang , Hengyuan Zhao , Yilin Li , Kaiyou Song , Linjiang Huang , Xiaolin Hu , Qingpei Guo , Si Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) offers a cost-effective approach to injecting real-time knowledge into large language models (LLMs). Nevertheless, constructing and validating high-quality knowledge repositories require considerable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Xun Liang , Simin Niu , Zhiyu li , Sensen Zhang , Shichao Song , Hanyu Wang , Jiawei Yang , Feiyu Xiong , Bo Tang , Chenyang Xi

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enables large language models (LLMs) to dynamically access external information, which is powerful for answering questions over previously unseen documents. Nonetheless, they struggle with high-level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Chi-Hsiang Hsiao , Yi-Cheng Wang , Tzung-Sheng Lin , Yi-Ren Yeh , Chu-Song Chen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) empowers Large Language Models (LLMs) to dynamically integrate external knowledge during inference, improving their factual accuracy and adaptability. However, adversaries can inject poisoned external…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Hanyu Zhu , Lance Fiondella , Jiawei Yuan , Kai Zeng , Long Jiao

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge, but its reliance on potentially poisonable knowledge bases introduces new availability risks. Attackers can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Junchen Li , Chao Qi , Rongzheng Wang , Qizhi Chen , Liang Xu , Di Liang , Bob Simons , Shuang Liang

Integrating AI into education has the potential to transform the teaching of science and technology courses, particularly in the field of cybersecurity. AI-driven question-answering (QA) systems can actively manage uncertainty in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Chengshuai Zhao , Garima Agrawal , Fan Zhang , Tharindu Kumarage , Zhen Tan , Yuli Deng , Ying-Chih Chen , Huan Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) significantly mitigates the hallucinations and domain knowledge deficiency in large language models by incorporating external knowledge bases. However, the multi-module architecture of RAG introduces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yanming Mu , Hao Hu , Feiyang Li , Qiao Yuan , Jiang Wu , Zichuan Liu , Pengcheng Liu , Mei Wang , Hongwei Zhou , Yuling Liu

With the development of natural language processing (NLP), large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly popular. LLMs are integrating more into everyday life, raising public concerns about their security vulnerabilities.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Ziqiu Wang , Jun Liu , Shengkai Zhang , Yang Yang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge sources to address their limitations in accessing up-to-date or specialized information. A natural strategy to increase the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Song Wang , Zihan Chen , Peng Wang , Zhepei Wei , Zhen Tan , Yu Meng , Cong Shen , Jundong Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit hallucinations in knowledge-intensive tasks. Graph-based retrieval augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising solution, yet existing approaches suffer from fundamental recall and precision…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Duyi Pan , Tianao Lou , Xin Li , Haoze Song , Yiwen Wu , Mengyi Deng , Mingyu Yang , Wei Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generative (RAG) models enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge bases, improving their performance in applications like fact-checking and information searching. In this paper, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Zhen Tan , Chengshuai Zhao , Raha Moraffah , Yifan Li , Song Wang , Jundong Li , Tianlong Chen , Huan Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves Large Language Models (LLMs) by using external knowledge, but it struggles with precise entity information retrieval. In this paper, we proposed MES-RAG framework, which enhances entity-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Pingyu Wu , Daiheng Gao , Jing Tang , Huimin Chen , Wenbo Zhou , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is an effective approach to enhance the factual accuracy of large language models (LLMs) by retrieving information from external databases, which are typically composed of diverse sources, to supplement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jeongyeon Hwang , Junyoung Park , Hyejin Park , Dongwoo Kim , Sangdon Park , Jungseul Ok

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems often fail to maintain contextual faithfulness, generating responses that conflict with the provided context or fail to fully leverage the provided evidence. Existing methods attempt to improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Linfeng Gao , Qinggang Zhang , Baolong Bi , Bo Zeng , Zheng Yuan , Zerui Chen , Zhimin Wei , Shenghua Liu , Linlong Xu , Longyue Wang , Weihua Luo , Jinsong Su