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Are large language models (LLMs) biased in favor of communications produced by LLMs, leading to possible antihuman discrimination? Using a classical experimental design inspired by employment discrimination studies, we tested widely used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Walter Laurito , Benjamin Davis , Peli Grietzer , Tomáš Gavenčiak , Ada Böhm , Jan Kulveit

Human communication is motivated: people speak, write, and create content with a particular communicative intent in mind. As a result, information that large language models (LLMs) and AI agents process is inherently framed by humans'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Addison J. Wu , Ryan Liu , Kerem Oktar , Theodore R. Sumers , Thomas L. Griffiths

This paper investigates the ethical implications of aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with financial optimization, through the case study of GreedLlama, a model fine-tuned to prioritize economically beneficial outcomes. By comparing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Jeffy Yu , Maximilian Huber , Kevin Tang

Large Language Models (LLMs) can produce surprisingly sophisticated estimates of their own uncertainty. However, it remains unclear to what extent this expressed confidence is tied to the reasoning, knowledge, or decision making of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Jiawei Wang , Yanfei Zhou , Siddartha Devic , Deqing Fu

Ensuring that Large Language Models (LLMs) align with the diverse and evolving human values across different regions and cultures remains a critical challenge in AI ethics. Current alignment approaches often yield superficial conformity…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Jiahao Wang , Songkai Xue , Jinghui Li , Xiaozhen Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising performance in various financial applications, though their potential in complex investment strategies remains underexplored. To address this gap, we investigate how LLMs can predict…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Yoshia Abe , Shuhei Matsuo , Ryoma Kondo , Ryohei Hisano

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been employed in financial decision making, enhancing analytical capabilities for investment strategies. Traditional investment strategies often utilize quantitative models, fundamental analysis, and…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-07-04 Sedigheh Mahdavi , Jiating , Chen , Pradeep Kumar Joshi , Lina Huertas Guativa , Upmanyu Singh

Preference alignment methods are increasingly critical for steering large language models (LLMs) to generate outputs consistent with human values. While recent approaches often rely on synthetic data generated by LLMs for scalability and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Mingye Zhu , Yi Liu , Zheren Fu , Yongdong Zhang , Zhendong Mao

The advent of AI driven large language models (LLMs) have stirred discussions about their role in qualitative research. Some view these as tools to enrich human understanding, while others perceive them as threats to the core values of the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Muneera Bano , Didar Zowghi , Jon Whittle

We investigate whether large language models (LLMs) can predict whether they will succeed on a given task and whether their predictions improve as they progress through multi-step tasks. We also investigate whether LLMs can learn from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Casey O. Barkan , Sid Black , Oliver Sourbut

Reasoning in humans is prone to biases due to underlying motivations like identity protection, that undermine rational decision-making and judgment. This \textit{motivated reasoning} at a collective level can be detrimental to society when…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Saloni Dash , Amélie Reymond , Emma S. Spiro , Aylin Caliskan

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled human-like responses across various tasks, raising questions about their ethical decision-making capabilities and potential biases. This study systematically evaluates how nine…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Wentao Xu , Yile Yan , Yuqi Zhu

Do large language models (LLMs) display rational reasoning? LLMs have been shown to contain human biases due to the data they have been trained on; whether this is reflected in rational reasoning remains less clear. In this paper, we answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Olivia Macmillan-Scott , Mirco Musolesi

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to their widespread use across a broad spectrum of tasks including decision making. Prior studies have compared the decision making abilities of LLMs with those of humans from a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Manikanta Loya , Divya Anand Sinha , Richard Futrell

Recent advances enable Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate AI personas, yet their lack of deep contextual, cultural, and emotional understanding poses a significant limitation. This study quantitatively compared human responses with…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Tabia Tanzin Prama , Christopher M. Danforth , Peter Sheridan Dodds

An important aspect of developing LLMs that interact with humans is to align models' behavior to their users. It is possible to prompt an LLM into behaving as a certain persona, especially a user group or ideological persona the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 EunJeong Hwang , Bodhisattwa Prasad Majumder , Niket Tandon

Predicting human decision-making under risk and uncertainty is a long-standing challenge in cognitive science, economics, and AI. While prior research has focused on numerically described lotteries, real-world decisions often rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Eyal Marantz , Ori Plonsky

Ensuring that large language models (LLMs) reflect diverse user values and preferences is crucial as their user bases expand globally. It is therefore encouraging to see the growing interest in LLM personalization within the research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yijiang River Dong , Tiancheng Hu , Nigel Collier

We investigate whether large language models (LLMs) can successfully perform financial statement analysis in a way similar to a professional human analyst. We provide standardized and anonymous financial statements to GPT4 and instruct the…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-02-24 Alex Kim , Maximilian Muhn , Valeri Nikolaev

What makes large language models (LLMs) impressive is also what makes them hard to evaluate: their diversity of uses. To evaluate these models, we must understand the purposes they will be used for. We consider a setting where these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Keyon Vafa , Ashesh Rambachan , Sendhil Mullainathan