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Current evaluations of large language models (LLMs) rely on benchmark scores, but it is difficult to interpret what these individual scores reveal about a model's overall skills. Specifically, as a community we lack understanding of how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Aviya Maimon , Amir DN Cohen , Gal Vishne , Shauli Ravfogel , Reut Tsarfaty

Evaluation for many natural language understanding (NLU) tasks is broken: Unreliable and biased systems score so highly on standard benchmarks that there is little room for researchers who develop better systems to demonstrate their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Samuel R. Bowman , George E. Dahl

Large language models (LLMs) can often generate functionally correct code, but their ability to produce efficient implementations for performance-critical systems tasks remains limited. Existing code benchmarks mainly emphasize correctness…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Huihao Jing , Wenbin Hu , Haochen Shi , Hanyu Yang , Sirui Zhang , Shaojin Chen , Haoran Li , Yangqiu Song

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate significant potential in multi-agent negotiation tasks, yet evaluation in this domain remains challenging due to a lack of robust and generalizable benchmarks. Abdelnabi et al. (2024) introduce a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jorge Carrasco Pollo , Ioannis Kapetangeorgis , Joshua Rosenthal , John Hua Yao

Benchmarking has long served as a foundational practice in machine learning and, increasingly, in modern AI systems such as large language models, where shared tasks, metrics, and leaderboards offer a common basis for measuring progress and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Philip Waggoner

Despite achieving impressive results on standard benchmarks, large foundational models still struggle against code-switching test cases. When data scarcity cannot be used as the usual justification for poor performance, the reason may lie…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Enes Yavuz Ugan , Ngoc-Quan Pham , Alexander Waibel

The recent development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has been accompanied by an effervescence of novel ideas and methods to better optimize the loss of deep learning models. Claims from those methods are myriad: from faster convergence to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Andrei Semenov , Matteo Pagliardini , Martin Jaggi

It has become a common pattern in our field: One group introduces a language task, exemplified by a dataset, which they argue is challenging enough to serve as a benchmark. They also provide a baseline model for it, which then soon is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-10 David Schlangen

The increasing complexity of large language models (LLMs) raises concerns about their ability to "cheat" on standard Question Answering (QA) benchmarks by memorizing task-specific data. This undermines the validity of benchmark evaluations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yixiong Fang , Tianran Sun , Yuling Shi , Min Wang , Xiaodong Gu

Use cases are widely employed to specify functional requirements, yet existing benchmarks are scarce and face the risk of being misaligned with actual system behavior, similarly limiting the rigorous evaluation of large language models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Shuyuan Xiao , Yiran Zhang , Weisong Sun , Xiaohong Chen , Yang Liu , Zhi Jin

Language model (LM) benchmarking faces several challenges: comprehensive evaluations are costly, benchmarks often fail to measure the intended capabilities, and evaluation quality can degrade due to labeling errors and benchmark saturation.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Valentin Hofmann , David Heineman , Ian Magnusson , Kyle Lo , Jesse Dodge , Maarten Sap , Pang Wei Koh , Chun Wang , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Noah A. Smith

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in front-end code generation. However, existing benchmarks exhibit several critical limitations: many tasks are overly simplistic, test cases often lack rigor, and end-to-end…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Hongda Zhu , Yiwen Zhang , Bing Zhao , Jingzhe Ding , Siyao Liu , Tong Liu , Dandan Wang , Yanan Liu , Zhaojian Li

In current benchmarks for evaluating large language models (LLMs), there are issues such as evaluation content restriction, untimely updates, and lack of optimization guidance. In this paper, we propose a new paradigm for the measurement of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Jin Liu , Qingquan Li , Wenlong Du

Continuous dynamical systems, characterized by differential equations, are ubiquitously used to model several important problems: plasma dynamics, flow through porous media, weather forecasting, and epidemic dynamics. Recently, a wide range…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Priyanshu Burark , Karn Tiwari , Meer Mehran Rashid , Prathosh A P , N M Anoop Krishnan

Code review is essential for maintaining software quality but often time-consuming and cognitively demanding, especially in industrial environments. Recent advancements in language models (LMs) have opened new avenues for automating core…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Igli Begolli , Meltem Aksoy , Daniel Neider

Despite their remarkable abilities in various tasks, large language models (LLMs) still struggle with real-time information (e.g., new facts and terms) due to the knowledge cutoff in their development process. However, existing benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Hexuan Deng , Wenxiang Jiao , Xuebo Liu , Min Zhang , Zhaopeng Tu

Just as user preferences change with time, item reviews also reflect those same preference changes. In a nutshell, if one is to sequentially incorporate review content knowledge into recommender systems, one is naturally led to dynamical…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Kostadin Cvejoski , Ramses J. Sanchez , Christian Bauckhage , Cesar Ojeda

In this paper, we ask the research question of whether all the datasets in the benchmark are necessary. We approach this by first characterizing the distinguishability of datasets when comparing different systems. Experiments on 9 datasets…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Yang Xiao , Jinlan Fu , See-Kiong Ng , Pengfei Liu

Cultural evaluation of large language models has become increasingly important, yet current benchmarks often reduce culture to static facts or homogeneous values. This view conflicts with anthropological accounts that emphasize culture as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Mai AlKhamissi , Yunze Xiao , Badr AlKhamissi , Mona Diab

The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4, Claude-3, and Gemini has transformed the field of natural language processing. However, it has also resulted in a significant issue known as Benchmark Data Contamination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Cheng Xu , Shuhao Guan , Derek Greene , M-Tahar Kechadi