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Limited memory bandwidth is a critical bottleneck in modern systems. 3D-stacked DRAM enables higher bandwidth by leveraging wider Through-Silicon-Via (TSV) channels, but today's systems cannot fully exploit them due to the limited internal…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2015-06-11 Donghyuk Lee , Gennady Pekhimenko , Samira Khan , Saugata Ghose , Onur Mutlu

Last Level Cache (LLC) is a precious and critical resource that impacts the performance of applications running on top of CPUs. In this paper, we reveal the significant impact of LLC on the performance of the 5G user plane function (UPF)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Haonan Jia , Meng Wang , Biyi Li , Yirui Liu , Junchen Guo , Pengyu Zhang

We propose a novel Hamming distance tolerant content-addressable memory (HD-CAM) for energy-efficient in memory approximate matching applications. HD-CAM implements approximate search using matchline charge redistribution rather than its…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Esteban Garzón , Roman Golman , Zuher Jahshan , Robert Hanhan , Natan Vinshtok-Melnik , Marco Lanuzza , Adam Teman , Leonid Yavits

This study presents a novel computer architecture where a last level cache and a SIMD accelerator are replaced by an Associative Processor. Associative Processor combines data storage and data processing and provides parallel computational…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2013-11-11 Leonid Yavits , Amir Morad , Ran Ginosar

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks have penetrated healthcare applications where real-time requirements and edge computing capabilities are essential. Gait analysis that detects abnormal steps to prevent patients from falling is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Mohammad Hasan Ahmadilivani , Levent Aksoy , Mohammad Eslami , Jaan Raik , Alar Kuusik

Ultra-thin (UT) oxide semiconductors are promising candidates for back-end-of-line (BEOL) compatible transistors and monolithic three-dimensional integration. Experimentally, UT indium oxide (In$_2$O$_3$) field-effect transistors (FETs)…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-11-07 Linqiang Xu , Lianqiang Xu , Jun Lan , Yida Li , Qiuhui Li , Aili Wang , Ying Guo , Yee Sin Ang , Ruge Quhe , Jing Lu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to evolve, Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture has emerged as a prevailing design for achieving state-of-the-art performance across a wide range of tasks. MoE models use sparse gating to activate…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yue Pan , Zihan Xia , Po-Kai Hsu , Lanxiang Hu , Hyungyo Kim , Janak Sharda , Minxuan Zhou , Nam Sung Kim , Shimeng Yu , Tajana Rosing , Mingu Kang

As AI workloads drive increasing memory requirements, domain-specific accelerators need higher-density on-chip memory beyond what current SRAM scaling trends can provide. Simultaneously, the vast amounts of short-lived data in these…

In modern systems, DRAM-based main memory is significantly slower than the processor. Consequently, processors spend a long time waiting to access data from main memory, making the long main memory access latency one of the most critical…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-11-01 Donghyuk Lee

A Ferroelectric Analog Non-Volatile Memory based on a WOx electrode and ferroelectric HfZrO$_4$ layer is fabricated at a low thermal budget (~375$^\circ$C), enabling BEOL processes and CMOS integration. The devices show suitable properties…

This paper summarizes our work on experimentally analyzing, exploiting, and addressing vulnerabilities in multi-level cell NAND flash memory programming, which was published in the industrial session of HPCA 2017, and examines the work's…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-05-10 Yu Cai , Saugata Ghose , Yixin Luo , Ken Mai , Onur Mutlu , Erich F. Haratsch

Atomically thin layered two-dimensional materials, including transition-metal dichacolgenide (TMDC) and black phosphorus (BP), (1) have been receiving much attention, because of their promising physical properties and potential applications…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-02-17 Qi Feng , Faguang Yan , Wengang Luo , Kaiyou Wang?

Security and energy-efficiency are critical for computing applications in general and for edge applications in particular. Digital in-Memory Computing (IMC) in SRAM cells have widely been studied to accelerate inference tasks to maximize…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Zihan Yin , Annewsha Datta , Shwetha Vijayakumar , Ajey Jacob , Akhilesh Jaiswal

It is generally observed that the fraction of live lines in shared last-level caches (SLLC) is very small for chip multiprocessors (CMPs). This can be tackled using promotion-based replacement policies like re-reference interval prediction…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Tejas Shah , Bobbi Yogatama , Kyle Roarty , Rami Dahman

The rapid adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has driven a growing demand for efficient inference, particularly in latency-sensitive applications such as chatbots and personalized assistants. Unlike traditional deep neural networks,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Shubham Negi , Kaushik Roy

Heterogeneous systems appear as a viable design alternative for the dark silicon era. In this paradigm, a processor chip includes several different technological alternatives for implementing a certain logical block (e.g., core, on-chip…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-10-31 M. Horro , G. Rodríguez , J. Touriño , M. T. Kandemir

As SRAM-based caches are hitting a scaling wall, manufacturers are integrating DRAM-based caches into system designs to continue increasing cache sizes. While DRAM caches can improve the performance of memory systems, existing DRAM cache…

Three-dimensional integrated circuits promise power, performance, and footprint gains compared to their 2D counterparts, thanks to drastic reductions in the interconnects' length through their smaller form factor. We can leverage the…

As transistor-based memory technologies like dynamic random access memory (DRAM) approach their scalability limits, the need to explore alternative storage solutions becomes increasingly urgent. Phase-change memory (PCM) has gained…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Mahek Desai , Rowena Quinn , Marjan Asadinia

The quest for energy-efficient, scalable neuromorphic computing has elevated compute-in-memory (CIM) architectures to the forefront of hardware innovation. While memristive memories have been extensively explored for synaptic implementation…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-08-20 Kapil Bhardwaj , Ella Paasio , Sayani Majumdar