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Existing data poisoning attacks on retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems scale poorly because they require costly optimization of poisoned documents for each target phrase. We introduce Eyes-on-Me, a modular attack that decomposes an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yen-Shan Chen , Sian-Yao Huang , Cheng-Lin Yang , Yun-Nung Chen

Effectively retrieving, reasoning and understanding visually rich information remains a challenge for RAG methods. Traditional text-based methods cannot handle visual-related information. On the other hand, current vision-based RAG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Qiuchen Wang , Ruixue Ding , Yu Zeng , Zehui Chen , Lin Chen , Shihang Wang , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Feng Zhao

Financial documents--such as 10-Ks, 10-Qs, and investor presentations--span hundreds of pages and combine diverse modalities, including dense narrative text, structured tables, and complex figures. Answering questions over such content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Chinmay Gondhalekar , Urjitkumar Patel , Fang-Chun Yeh

Radiology Report Generation (RRG) through Vision-Language Models (VLMs) promises to reduce documentation burden, improve reporting consistency, and accelerate clinical workflows. However, their clinical adoption remains limited by the lack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Marco Salmè , Federico Siciliano , Fabrizio Silvestri , Paolo Soda , Rosa Sicilia , Valerio Guarrasi

Automating teaching presents unique challenges, as replicating human interaction and adaptability is complex. Automated systems cannot often provide nuanced, real-time feedback that aligns with students' individual learning paces or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Ruslan Gokhman , Jialu Li , Youshan Zhang

The advent of Large Language Models has revolutionized information retrieval, ushering in a new era of expansive knowledge accessibility. While these models excel in providing open-world knowledge, effectively extracting answers in diverse…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Syed Rameel Ahmad

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves large language models (LLMs) by using external knowledge to guide response generation, reducing hallucinations. However, RAG, particularly multi-modal RAG, can introduce new hallucination…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Matin Mortaheb , Mohammad A. Amir Khojastepour , Srimat T. Chakradhar , Sennur Ulukus

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has been shown to enhance the factual accuracy of Large Language Models (LLMs), but existing methods often suffer from limited reasoning capabilities in effectively using the retrieved evidence,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Shayekh Bin Islam , Md Asib Rahman , K S M Tozammel Hossain , Enamul Hoque , Shafiq Joty , Md Rizwan Parvez

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves the response quality of large language models (LLMs) by retrieving knowledge from external databases. Typical RAG approaches split the text database into chunks, organizing them in a flat…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Boyu Chen , Zirui Guo , Zidan Yang , Yuluo Chen , Junze Chen , Zhenghao Liu , Chuan Shi , Cheng Yang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has attracted significant attention due to its ability to combine the generative capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) with knowledge obtained through efficient retrieval mechanisms over…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Aiman Al Masoud , Marco Arazzi , Antonino Nocera

Retrieval Augmented Generation enhances the response accuracy of Large Language Models (LLMs) by integrating retrieval and generation modules with external knowledge, demonstrating particular strength in real-time queries and Visual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Qixin Sun , Ziqin Wang , Hengyuan Zhao , Yilin Li , Kaiyou Song , Linjiang Huang , Xiaolin Hu , Qingpei Guo , Si Liu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems respond to queries by retrieving relevant documents from a knowledge database and applying an LLM to the retrieved documents. We demonstrate that RAG systems that operate on databases with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Avital Shafran , Roei Schuster , Vitaly Shmatikov

GraphRAG advances retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) by structuring external knowledge as multi-scale knowledge graphs, enabling language models to integrate both broad context and granular details in their generation. While GraphRAG has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jiacheng Liang , Yuhui Wang , Changjiang Li , Rongyi Zhu , Tanqiu Jiang , Neil Gong , Ting Wang

Question answering over visually rich documents (VRDs) requires reasoning not only over isolated content but also over documents' structural organization and cross-page dependencies. However, conventional retrieval-augmented generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhivar Sourati , Zheng Wang , Marianne Menglin Liu , Yazhe Hu , Mengqing Guo , Sujeeth Bharadwaj , Kyu Han , Tao Sheng , Sujith Ravi , Morteza Dehghani , Dan Roth

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are rapidly replacing unimodal encoders in modern retrieval and recommendation systems. While their capabilities are well-documented, their robustness against adversarial manipulation in competitive ranking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yixuan Du , Chenxiao Yu , Haoyan Xu , Ziyi Wang , Yue Zhao , Xiyang Hu

Processing long contexts presents a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs). While recent advancements allow LLMs to handle much longer contexts than before (e.g., 32K or 128K tokens), it is computationally expensive and can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Hongjin Qian , Zheng Liu , Peitian Zhang , Kelong Mao , Defu Lian , Zhicheng Dou , Tiejun Huang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown impressive performance in vision and text tasks. However, hallucination remains a major challenge, especially in fields like healthcare where details are critical. In this work, we show…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Yun-Wei Chu , Kai Zhang , Christopher Malon , Martin Renqiang Min

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates hallucinations in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), yet existing systems struggle with complex cross-modal reasoning. Flat vector retrieval often ignores structural dependencies, while…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Sijun Dai , Qiang Huang , Xiaoxing You , Jun Yu

Recent advancements in generative AI have fostered the development of highly adept Large Language Models (LLMs) that integrate diverse data types to empower decision-making. Among these, multimodal retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Aritra Kumar Lahiri , Qinmin Vivian Hu

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly advanced natural language processing, but these models often generate factually incorrect information, known as "hallucination". Initial retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Yujia Zhou , Zheng Liu , Zhicheng Dou