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Automated algorithm selection and hyperparameter tuning facilitates the application of machine learning. Traditional multi-armed bandit strategies look to the history of observed rewards to identify the most promising arms for optimizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Mischa Schmidt , Julia Gastinger , Sébastien Nicolas , Anett Schülke

Training a deep neural network to maximize a target objective has become the standard recipe for successful machine learning over the last decade. These networks can be optimized with supervised learning, if the target objective is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Bernhard Jaeger , Andreas Geiger

Aligning large language models with human preferences is essential for improving interaction quality and safety by ensuring outputs better reflect human values. A promising strategy involves Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Jiacong Zhou , Xianyun Wang , Min Zhang , Jun Yu

A key challenge in applying reinforcement learning (RL) to diffusion large language models (dLLMs) lies in the intractability of their likelihood functions, which are essential for the RL objective, necessitating corresponding approximation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Nianyi Lin , Jiajie Zhang , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

The alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human preferences remains a key challenge. While post-training techniques like Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) have achieved…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Qingyu Yin , Chak Tou Leong , Minjun Zhu , Hanqi Yan , Qiang Zhang , Yulan He , Wenjie Li , Jun Wang , Yue Zhang , Linyi Yang

Reinforcement Learning's high sensitivity to hyperparameters is a source of instability and inefficiency, creating significant challenges for practitioners. Hyperparameter Optimization (HPO) algorithms have been developed to address this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Waël Doulazmi , Auguste Lehuger , Marin Toromanoff , Valentin Charraut , Thibault Buhet , Fabien Moutarde

Recent advances in Large Language Model (LLM) agents have demonstrated their promising general capabilities. However, their performance in specialized real-world domains often degrades due to challenges in effectively integrating external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yuzheng Cai , Siqi Cai , Yuchen Shi , Zihan Xu , Lichao Chen , Yulei Qin , Xiaoyu Tan , Gang Li , Zongyi Li , Haojia Lin , Yong Mao , Ke Li , Xing Sun

There is a consensus that focusing only on accuracy in searching for optimal machine learning models amplifies biases contained in the data, leading to unfair predictions and decision supports. Recently, multi-objective hyperparameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Antonio Candelieri , Andrea Ponti , Francesco Archetti

The alignment of large language models with human values presents a critical challenge, particularly when balancing conflicting objectives like helpfulness and harmlessness. Existing approaches, such as Reinforcement Learning from Human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yuxuan Liu

We study reinforcement learning in hybrid discrete-continuous action spaces, such as settings where the discrete component selects a regime (or index) and the continuous component optimizes within it -- a structure common in robotics,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Matias Alvo , Daniel Russo , Yash Kanoria

The performance of modern reinforcement learning algorithms critically relies on tuning ever-increasing numbers of hyperparameters. Often, small changes in a hyperparameter can lead to drastic changes in performance, and different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Jacob Adkins , Michael Bowling , Adam White

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a pivotal tool for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), one of the most popular approaches, formulates RLHF as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Jiafan He , Huizhuo Yuan , Quanquan Gu

Recent advances in GPU-based parallel simulation have enabled practitioners to collect large amounts of data and train complex control policies using deep reinforcement learning (RL), on commodity GPUs. However, such successes for RL in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Eliot Xing , Vernon Luk , Jean Oh

Improving the multi-step reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) with offline reinforcement learning (RL) is essential for quickly adapting them to complex tasks. While Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has shown promise in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Huaijie Wang , Shibo Hao , Hanze Dong , Shenao Zhang , Yilin Bao , Ziran Yang , Yi Wu

Existing studies on constrained reinforcement learning (RL) may obtain a well-performing policy in the training environment. However, when deployed in a real environment, it may easily violate constraints that were originally satisfied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Zhongchang Sun , Sihong He , Fei Miao , Shaofeng Zou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great potential in automatically generating and optimizing (meta)heuristics, making them valuable tools in heuristic optimization tasks. However, LLMs are generally inefficient when it comes to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Niki van Stein , Diederick Vermetten , Thomas Bäck

On High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems, several hyperparameter configurations can be evaluated in parallel to speed up the Hyperparameter Optimization (HPO) process. State-of-the-art HPO methods follow a bandit-based approach and build…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Marcel Aach , Rakesh Sarma , Helmut Neukirchen , Morris Riedel , Andreas Lintermann

Designing and deriving effective model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) algorithms with a performance improvement guarantee is challenging, mainly attributed to the high coupling between model learning and policy optimization. Many prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Hai Zhang , Hang Yu , Junqiao Zhao , Di Zhang , Chang Huang , Hongtu Zhou , Xiao Zhang , Chen Ye

With the recent demand of deploying neural network models on mobile and edge devices, it is desired to improve the model's generalizability on unseen testing data, as well as enhance the model's robustness under fixed-point quantization for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-26 Huanrui Yang , Xiaoxuan Yang , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Yiran Chen

Machine learning algorithms have made remarkable achievements in the field of artificial intelligence. However, most machine learning algorithms are sensitive to the hyper-parameters. Manually optimizing the hyper-parameters is a common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Bozhou Chen , Kaixin Zhang , Longshen Ou , Chenmin Ba , Hongzhi Wang , Chunnan Wang