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Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has recently demonstrated notable success in enhancing the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs), particularly on mathematics and programming tasks. Similar to how…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yang Yue , Zhiqi Chen , Rui Lu , Andrew Zhao , Zhaokai Wang , Yang Yue , Shiji Song , Gao Huang

Large language models face challenges in long-context question answering, where key evidence of a query may be dispersed across millions of tokens. Existing works equip large language models with a memory buffer that is dynamically updated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yaorui Shi , Yuxin Chen , Siyuan Wang , Sihang Li , Hengxing Cai , Qi Gu , Xiang Wang , An Zhang

Scaling model size and training data has led to great advances in the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, the diminishing returns of this approach necessitate alternative methods to improve model capabilities, particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Daman Arora , Andrea Zanette

Large Language Models (LLM) with reasoning capabilities offer a promising path for improving candidate evaluation in planning frameworks, but their relative performance against traditional non-reasoning models remains largely underexplored.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Md Fahim Anjum

Tabular data serves as the backbone of modern data analysis and scientific research. While Large Language Models (LLMs) fine-tuned via Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) have significantly improved natural language interaction with such…

Reranking, the process of refining the output from a first-stage retriever, is often considered computationally expensive, especially when using Large Language Models (LLMs). A common approach to mitigate this cost involves utilizing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Hervé Déjean , Stéphane Clinchant

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) effectively enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating retrieved external knowledge into the generation process. Reasoning models improve LLM performance in multi-hop QA tasks, which require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Guo Chen , Junjie Huang , Huaijin Xie , Fei Sun , Tao Jia

Reranking is a critical stage in contemporary information retrieval (IR) systems, improving the relevance of the user-presented final results by honing initial candidate sets. This paper is a thorough guide to examine the changing reranker…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Tejul Pandit , Sakshi Mahendru , Meet Raval , Dhvani Upadhyay

The ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to solve complex tasks has made them crucial in the development of AI-based applications. However, the high computational requirements to fine-tune these LLMs on downstream tasks pose significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Raul Singh , Nicolo Brunello , Vincenzo Scotti , Mark James Carman

Existing large language models (LLMs) show exceptional problem-solving capabilities but might struggle with complex reasoning tasks. Despite the successes of chain-of-thought and tree-based search methods, they mainly depend on the internal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Jinhao Jiang , Jiayi Chen , Junyi Li , Ruiyang Ren , Shijie Wang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Yang Song , Tao Zhang

Recent works on large language models (LLMs) have successfully demonstrated the emergence of reasoning capabilities via reinforcement learning (RL). Although recent efforts leverage group relative policy optimization (GRPO) for MLLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Shilin Xu , Yanwei Li , Rui Yang , Tao Zhang , Yueyi Sun , Wei Chow , Linfeng Li , Hang Song , Qi Xu , Yunhai Tong , Xiangtai Li , Hao Fei

The rapid emergence of diverse large language models (LLMs) has spurred the development of LLM routers that assign user queries to the most suitable model. However, existing LLM routers typically perform a single-round, one-to-one mapping…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Haozhen Zhang , Tao Feng , Jiaxuan You

Recent advancements in Large Language Models(LLMs) have demonstrated their capabilities not only in reasoning but also in invoking external tools, particularly search engines. However, teaching models to discern when to invoke search and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Zeyang Sha , Shiwen Cui , Weiqiang Wang

Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have been extensively utilized in Large Language Models (LLMs) to improve the down-streaming tasks without the cost of fine-tuing the whole LLMs. Recent studies have shown how to effectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Zhiyuan Peng , Xuyang Wu , Qifan Wang , Sravanthi Rajanala , Yi Fang

Despite the recent advancement in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems, most retrieval methodologies are often developed for factual retrieval, which assumes query and positive documents are semantically similar. In this paper, we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Luo Ji , Feixiang Guo , Teng Chen , Qingqing Gu , Xiaoyu Wang , Ningyuan Xi , Yihong Wang , Peng Yu , Yue Zhao , Hongyang Lei , Zhonglin Jiang , Yong Chen

In the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system, advanced Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as effective Query Likelihood Models (QLMs) in an unsupervised way, which re-rank documents based on the probability of generating the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Xiaowei Yuan , Zhao Yang , Yequan Wang , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across various reasoning tasks. However, even state-of-the-art LLMs such as ChatGPT are prone to logical errors during their reasoning processes. Existing solutions, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Chi Hu , Yuan Ge , Xiangnan Ma , Hang Cao , Qiang Li , Yonghua Yang , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Contextual ranking models have delivered impressive performance improvements over classical models in the document ranking task. However, these highly over-parameterized models tend to be data-hungry and require large amounts of data even…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Abhijit Anand , Jurek Leonhardt , Jaspreet Singh , Koustav Rudra , Avishek Anand

Zero-shot text rankers powered by recent LLMs achieve remarkable ranking performance by simply prompting. Existing prompts for pointwise LLM rankers mostly ask the model to choose from binary relevance labels like "Yes" and "No". However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Honglei Zhuang , Zhen Qin , Kai Hui , Junru Wu , Le Yan , Xuanhui Wang , Michael Bendersky

Tables present unique challenges for language models due to their structured row-column interactions, necessitating specialized approaches for effective comprehension. While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in table…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zhenhe Wu , Jian Yang , Zhongjiang He , Changzai Pan , Jie Zhang , Jiaheng Liu , Xianjie Wu , Yu Zhao , Shuangyong Song , Yongxiang Li , Zhoujun Li , Xueling Li