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Federated learning (FL) typically faces data heterogeneity, i.e., distribution shifting among clients. Sharing clients' information has shown great potentiality in mitigating data heterogeneity, yet incurs a dilemma in preserving privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Zhiqin Yang , Yonggang Zhang , Yu Zheng , Xinmei Tian , Hao Peng , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively train a global model while keeping local data decentralized. Data heterogeneity (non-IID) across clients has imposed significant challenges to FL, which makes local models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yuting He , Yiqiang Chen , XiaoDong Yang , Hanchao Yu , Yi-Hua Huang , Yang Gu

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed clients without sharing raw data, yet its scalability is limited by synchronization overhead. Asynchronous federated learning (AFL) alleviates this issue by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Baris Askin , Holger R. Roth , Zhenyu Sun , Carlee Joe-Wong , Gauri Joshi , Ziyue Xu

Federated learning must address heterogeneity, strict communication and computation limits, and privacy while ensuring performance. We propose an operator-theoretic framework that maps the $L^2$-optimal solution into a reproducing kernel…

Today data is often scattered among billions of resource-constrained edge devices with security and privacy constraints. Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a viable solution to learn a global model while keeping data private, but the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Sijie Cheng , Jingwen Wu , Yanghua Xiao , Yang Liu , Yang Liu

Federated Learning (FL) is a promising technique for the collaborative training of deep neural networks across multiple devices while preserving data privacy. Despite its potential benefits, FL is hindered by excessive communication costs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Vasileios Tsouvalas , Aaqib Saeed , Tanir Ozcelebi , Nirvana Meratnia

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning scheme in which clients jointly participate in the collaborative training of a global model by sharing model information rather than their private datasets. In light of concerns…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Kangyang Luo , Shuai Wang , Yexuan Fu , Renrong Shao , Xiang Li , Yunshi Lan , Ming Gao , Jinlong Shu

Federated learning (FL) is a powerful distributed machine learning framework where a server aggregates models trained by different clients without accessing their private data. Hierarchical FL, with a client-edge-cloud aggregation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Lumin Liu , Jun Zhang , Shenghui Song , Khaled B. Letaief

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for privacy-preserving collaborative learning, yet data heterogeneity remains a critical challenge. While existing methods achieve progress in addressing data heterogeneity for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yuhao Zhou , Jindi Lv , Yuxin Tian , Dan Si , Qing Ye , Jiancheng Lv

Federated learning (FL) often degrades when clients hold heterogeneous non-Independent and Identically Distributed (non-IID) data and when some clients behave adversarially, leading to client drift, slow convergence, and high communication…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Hamza Reguieg , Mohamed El Kamili , Essaid Sabir

Large models, renowned for superior performance, outperform smaller ones even without billion-parameter scales. While mobile network servers have ample computational resources to support larger models than client devices, privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Wenxuan Ye , Xueli An , Onur Ayan , Junfan Wang , Xueqiang Yan , Georg Carle

Personalized decision-making can be implemented in a Federated learning (FL) framework that can collaboratively train a decision model by extracting knowledge across intelligent clients, e.g. smartphones or enterprises. FL can mitigate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Guodong Long , Ming Xie , Tao Shen , Tianyi Zhou , Xianzhi Wang , Jing Jiang , Chengqi Zhang

Federated learning (FL) enables a decentralized machine learning paradigm for multiple clients to collaboratively train a generalized global model without sharing their private data. Most existing works simply propose typical FL systems for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Huy Q. Le , Minh N. H. Nguyen , Chu Myaet Thwal , Yu Qiao , Chaoning Zhang , Choong Seon Hong

Personalized Federated Learning (FL) is an emerging research field in FL that learns an easily adaptable global model in the presence of data heterogeneity among clients. However, one of the main challenges for personalized FL is the heavy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Jaehun Song , Min-hwan Oh , Hyung-Sin Kim

Federated Learning (FL) is a novel approach that allows for collaborative machine learning while preserving data privacy by leveraging models trained on decentralized devices. However, FL faces challenges due to non-uniformly distributed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Changlin Song , Divya Saxena , Jiannong Cao , Yuqing Zhao

Cooperative training methods for distributed machine learning are typically based on the exchange of local gradients or local model parameters. The latter approach is known as Federated Learning (FL). An alternative solution with reduced…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-05 Jin-Hyun Ahn , Osvaldo Simeone , Joonhyuk Kang

Federated Learning (FL) allows users to share knowledge instead of raw data to train a model with high accuracy. Unfortunately, during the training, users lose control over the knowledge shared, which causes serious data privacy issues. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 ShiMao Xu , Xiaopeng Ke , Xing Su , Shucheng Li , Hao Wu , Sheng Zhong , Fengyuan Xu

Heterogeneity of data distributed across clients limits the performance of global models trained through federated learning, especially in the settings with highly imbalanced class distributions of local datasets. In recent years,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Huancheng Chen , Johnny , Wang , Haris Vikalo

Federated Learning (FL) is a well-known framework for successfully performing a learning task in an edge computing scenario where the devices involved have limited resources and incomplete data representation. The basic assumption of FL is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Lorenzo Valerio , Chiara Boldrini , Andrea Passarella , János Kertész , Márton Karsai , Gerardo Iñiguez

Federated Learning (FL) is a machine learning paradigm in which many clients cooperatively train a single centralized model while keeping their data private and decentralized. FL is commonly used in edge computing, which involves placing…