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Physics-informed neural solvers offer a promising route to model-based reinforcement learning in continuous time, where optimal feedback synthesis is governed by Hamilton--Jacobi--Bellman (HJB) equations. Practical implementations often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Minseok Kim , Yeongjong Kim , Namkyeong Cho , Yeoneung Kim

Learned representations in deep reinforcement learning (DRL) have to extract task-relevant information from complex observations, balancing between robustness to distraction and informativeness to the policy. Such stable and rich…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Mete Kemertas , Tristan Aumentado-Armstrong

Hamilton-Jacobi reachability (HJR) is an exciting framework used for control of safety-critical systems with nonlinear and possibly uncertain dynamics. However, HJR suffers from the curse of dimensionality, with computation times growing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-19 Dylan Hirsch , Sylvia Herbert

Hard constraints in reinforcement learning (RL) often degrade policy performance. Lagrangian methods offer a way to blend objectives with constraints, but require intricate reward engineering and parameter tuning. In this work, we extend…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-05 William Sharpless , Dylan Hirsch , Sander Tonkens , Nikhil Shinde , Sylvia Herbert

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) exploits temporal abstraction to solve large Markov Decision Processes (MDP) and provide transferable subtask policies. In this paper, we introduce an off-policy HRL algorithm: Hierarchical Q-value…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-03-30 Tiancheng Zhao , Mohammad Gowayyed

As the demands for superior agents grow, the training complexity of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) becomes higher. Thus, accelerating training of DRL has become a major research focus. Dividing the DRL training process into subtasks and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Zhouyu He , Peng Qiao , Rongchun Li , Yong Dou , Yusong Tan

Hamilton-Jacobi reachability (HJR) provides a value function that encodes the set of states from which a system with bounded control inputs can reach or avoid a target despite any bounded disturbance, and the corresponding robust, optimal…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-23 Will Sharpless , Yat Tin Chow , Sylvia Herbert

Given the inherent non-stationarity prevalent in real-world applications, continual Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims to equip the agent with the capability to address a series of sequentially presented decision-making tasks. Within this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Feng Chen , Fuguang Han , Cong Guan , Lei Yuan , Zhilong Zhang , Yang Yu , Zongzhang Zhang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has proven highly effective in addressing complex control and decision-making tasks. However, in most traditional RL algorithms, the policy is typically parameterized as a diagonal Gaussian distribution, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Ruijie Hao , Longfei Zhang , Yang Dai , Yang Ma , Xingxing Liang , Guangquan Cheng

This paper investigates the convergence properties of the upwind difference scheme for the Hamilton--Jacobi--Bellman (HJB) equation, a central partial differential equation in optimal control theory. First, assuming the existence of a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-05 Daisuke Inoue , Yuji Ito , Takahito Kashiwabara , Norikazu Saito , Hiroaki Yoshida

Chaotic dynamical systems pose a fundamental challenge for Reinforcement Learning (RL): exponential sensitivity to initial conditions induces high-variance bootstrap targets and poorly conditioned gradient updates. Chaotic dynamics arise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 James Rudd-Jones , Mirco Musolesi , María Pérez-Ortiz

In this work, we address the problem of determining reliable policies in reinforcement learning (RL), with a focus on optimization under uncertainty and the need for performance guarantees. While classical RL algorithms aim at maximizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Nadir Farhi

Planning based on long and short term time series forecasts is a common practice across many industries. In this context, temporal aggregation and reconciliation techniques have been useful in improving forecasts, reducing model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Himanshi Charotia , Abhishek Garg , Gaurav Dhama , Naman Maheshwari

We present a novel algorithm that efficiently computes near-optimal deterministic policies for constrained reinforcement learning (CRL) problems. Our approach combines three key ideas: (1) value-demand augmentation, (2) action-space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Jeremy McMahan

Reliable uncertainty quantification is crucial for reinforcement learning (RL) in high-stakes settings. We propose a unified conformal prediction framework for infinite-horizon policy evaluation that constructs distribution-free prediction…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-31 Feichen Gan , Youcun Lu , Yingying Zhang , Yukun Liu

This work proposes a novel numerical scheme for solving the high-dimensional Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation with a functional hierarchical tensor ansatz. We consider the setting of stochastic control, whereby one applies control to a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-01 Xun Tang , Nan Sheng , Lexing Ying

This paper introduces the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman Proximal Policy Optimization (HJBPPO) algorithm into reinforcement learning. The Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation is used in control theory to evaluate the optimality of the value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Amartya Mukherjee , Jun Liu

Many real-world control problems, ranging from finance to robotics, evolve in continuous time with non-uniform, event-driven decisions. Standard discrete-time reinforcement learning (RL), based on fixed-step Bellman updates, struggles in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Minh Nguyen

The main focus of Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) is studying how large Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) can be more efficiently solved when addressed in a modular way, by combining partial solutions computed for smaller subtasks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Roberto Cipollone , Luca Iocchi , Matteo Leonetti

Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) learns to make decisions on multiple levels of temporal abstraction. A key challenge in HRL is that the low-level policy changes over time, making it difficult for the high-level policy to generate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Vivienne Huiling Wang , Tinghuai Wang , Joni Pajarinen