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Related papers: Jailbreaking is (Mostly) Simpler Than You Think

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Although large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements, their security remains a pressing concern. One major threat is jailbreak attacks, where adversarial prompts bypass model safeguards to generate harmful or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Tiehan Cui , Yanxu Mao , Peipei Liu , Congying Liu , Datao You

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been shown to be vulnerable to adversarial examples, which are slightly perturbed input images which lead DNNs to make wrong predictions. To protect from such examples, various defense strategies have been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Mingjun Yin , Shasha Li , Chengyu Song , M. Salman Asif , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury , Srikanth V. Krishnamurthy

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) enable powerful cross-modal reasoning capabilities. However, the expanded input space introduces new attack surfaces. Previous jailbreak attacks often inject malicious instructions from text into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Zhaoxin Wang , Handing Wang , Cong Tian , Yaochu Jin

Nowadays, people generate and share massive content on online platforms (e.g., social networks, blogs). In 2021, the 1.9 billion daily active Facebook users posted around 150 thousand photos every minute. Content moderators constantly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Mauro Conti , Luca Pajola , Pier Paolo Tricomi

Industrial control systems (ICSs) are widely used and vital to industry and society. Their failure can have severe impact on both economics and human life. Hence, these systems have become an attractive target for attacks, both physical and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-02 Moshe Kravchik , Asaf Shabtai

Large Language Models are fundamental actors in the modern IT landscape dominated by AI solutions. However, security threats associated with them might prevent their reliable adoption in critical application scenarios such as government…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Marco Arazzi , Vignesh Kumar Kembu , Antonino Nocera , Vinod P

Cloud security concerns have been greatly realized in recent years due to the increase of complicated threats in the computing world. Many traditional solutions do not work well in real-time to detect or prevent more complex threats.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Shamnad Mohamed Shaffi , Sunish Vengathattil , Jezeena Nikarthil Sidhick , Resmi Vijayan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to be vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks, wherein adversaries exploit carefully engineered prompts to induce harmful or unethical responses. Such threats have raised critical concerns about the safety…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Taiye Chen , Zeming Wei , Ang Li , Yisen Wang

In this paper, coded slotted ALOHA (CSA) is introduced as a powerful random access scheme to the MAC frame. In CSA, the burst a generic user wishes to transmit in the MAC frame is first split into segments, and these segments are then…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Enrico Paolini , Gianluigi Liva , Marco Chiani

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has brought about remarkable generative capabilities but also raised concerns about their potential misuse. While strategies like supervised fine-tuning and reinforcement learning from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Qibing Ren , Chang Gao , Jing Shao , Junchi Yan , Xin Tan , Wai Lam , Lizhuang Ma

Vulnerability of Frontier language models to misuse and jailbreaks has prompted the development of safety measures like filters and alignment training in an effort to ensure safety through robustness to adversarially crafted prompts. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-31 David Glukhov , Ziwen Han , Ilia Shumailov , Vardan Papyan , Nicolas Papernot

The increased adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents an opportunity to solve many socio-economic and environmental challenges; however, this cannot happen without securing AI-enabled technologies. In recent years, most AI models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Ayodeji Oseni , Nour Moustafa , Helge Janicke , Peng Liu , Zahir Tari , Athanasios Vasilakos

The rise of conversational interfaces has greatly enhanced LLM usability by leveraging dialogue history for sophisticated reasoning. However, this reliance introduces an unexplored attack surface. This paper introduces Trojan Horse…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Wei Duan , Li Qian

Ensuring that Large Language Models (LLMs) adhere to safety principles without refusing benign requests remains a significant challenge. While OpenAI introduces deliberative alignment (DA) to enhance the safety of its o-series models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Can Jin , Rui Wu , Tong Che , Qixin Zhang , Hongwu Peng , Jiahui Zhao , Zhenting Wang , Wenqi Wei , Ligong Han , Zhao Zhang , Yuan Cao , Ruixiang Tang , Dimitris N. Metaxas

We introduce Advertisement Embedding Attacks (AEA), a new class of LLM security threats that stealthily inject promotional or malicious content into model outputs and AI agents. AEA operate through two low-cost vectors: (1) hijacking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Qiming Guo , Jinwen Tang , Xingran Huang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems have become widely used for enhancing large language model capabilities, but they introduce significant security vulnerabilities through prompt injection attacks. We present a comprehensive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Badrinath Ramakrishnan , Akshaya Balaji

Multi-turn jailbreak attacks have proven effective against text-only large language models (LLMs), where malicious content is gradually introduced to bypass safety alignment. However, effectively extending such attacks to large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 In Chong Choi , Jiacheng Zhang , Feng Liu , Yiliao Song

Capture-the-Flag (CTF) competitions serve as gateways into offensive cybersecurity, yet they often present steep barriers for novices due to complex toolchains and opaque workflows. Recently, agentic AI frameworks for cybersecurity promise…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Cathrin Schachner , Jasmin Wachter

Patch-based physical attacks have increasingly aroused concerns. However, most existing methods focus on obscuring targets captured on the ground, and some of these methods are simply extended to deceive aerial detectors. They smear the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Jiawei Lian , Xiaofei Wang , Yuru Su , Mingyang Ma , Shaohui Mei

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated increasing power, they have also given rise to a wide range of harmful behaviors. As representatives, jailbreak attacks can provoke harmful or unethical responses from LLMs, even after…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Nan Xu , Fei Wang , Ben Zhou , Bang Zheng Li , Chaowei Xiao , Muhao Chen