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Finite-state reasoning, the ability to understand and implement state-dependent behavior, is central to hardware design. In this paper, we present LLM-FSM, a benchmark that evaluates how well large language models (LLMs) can recover…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yuheng Wu , Berk Gokmen , Zhouhua Xie , Peijing Li , Caroline Trippel , Priyanka Raina , Thierry Tambe

Foundation models trained on web-scale data have revolutionized robotics, but their application to low-level control remains largely limited to behavioral cloning. Drawing inspiration from the success of the reinforcement learning stage in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Seyed Kamyar Seyed Ghasemipour , Ayzaan Wahid , Jonathan Tompson , Pannag Sanketi , Igor Mordatch

Autonomous cyber-physical systems like robots and self-driving cars could greatly benefit from using formal methods to reason reliably about their control decisions. However, before a problem can be solved it needs to be stated. This…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Aditi Kabra , Jonathan Laurent , Sagar Bharadwaj , Ruben Martins , Stefan Mitsch , André Platzer

In this paper, we propose a real-world benchmark for studying robotic learning in the context of functional manipulation: a robot needs to accomplish complex long-horizon behaviors by composing individual manipulation skills in functionally…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Jianlan Luo , Charles Xu , Fangchen Liu , Liam Tan , Zipeng Lin , Jeffrey Wu , Pieter Abbeel , Sergey Levine

The complexity of the real world demands robotic systems that can intelligently adapt to unseen situations. We present STEER, a robot learning framework that bridges high-level, commonsense reasoning with precise, flexible low-level…

Solving complex, long-horizon robotic manipulation tasks requires a deep understanding of physical interactions, reasoning about their long-term consequences, and precise high-level planning. Vision-Language Models (VLMs) offer a general…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yanting Yang , Shenyuan Gao , Qingwen Bu , Li Chen , Dimitris N. Metaxas

Recent progress in robotic manipulation has been fueled by large-scale datasets collected across diverse environments. Training robotic manipulation policies on these datasets is traditionally performed in a centralized manner, raising…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Santiago Bou Betran , Alberta Longhini , Miguel Vasco , Yuchong Zhang , Danica Kragic

The growing interest in language-conditioned robot manipulation aims to develop robots capable of understanding and executing complex tasks, with the objective of enabling robots to interpret language commands and manipulate objects…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Hongkuan Zhou , Zhenshan Bing , Xiangtong Yao , Xiaojie Su , Chenguang Yang , Kai Huang , Alois Knoll

This paper presents a novel deep learning framework for robotic arm manipulation that integrates multimodal inputs using a late-fusion strategy. Unlike traditional end-to-end or reinforcement learning approaches, our method processes image…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Sathish Kumar , Swaroop Damodaran , Naveen Kumar Kuruba , Sumit Jha , Arvind Ramanathan

Among the wide variety of evolutionary computing models, Finite State Machines (FSMs) have several attractions for fundamental research. They are easy to understand in concept and can be visualised clearly in simple cases. They have a ready…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Gabor Zoltai , Yue Xie , Frank Neumann

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) on specific datasets is a common practice to improve performance on target tasks. However, this performance gain often leads to overfitting, where the model becomes too specialized in either the task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Sonam Gupta , Yatin Nandwani , Asaf Yehudai , Mayank Mishra , Gaurav Pandey , Dinesh Raghu , Sachindra Joshi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained popularity in task planning for long-horizon manipulation tasks. To enhance the validity of LLM-generated plans, visual demonstrations and online videos have been widely employed to guide the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Kejia Chen , Zheng Shen , Yue Zhang , Lingyun Chen , Fan Wu , Zhenshan Bing , Sami Haddadin , Alois Knoll

Imitation learning is a popular approach for teaching motor skills to robots. However, most approaches focus on extracting policy parameters from execution traces alone (i.e., motion trajectories and perceptual data). No adequate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Simon Stepputtis , Joseph Campbell , Mariano Phielipp , Stefan Lee , Chitta Baral , Heni Ben Amor

Improving the generalization capabilities of general-purpose robotic manipulation agents in the real world has long been a significant challenge. Existing approaches often rely on collecting large-scale robotic data which is costly and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Jiange Yang , Wenhui Tan , Chuhao Jin , Keling Yao , Bei Liu , Jianlong Fu , Ruihua Song , Gangshan Wu , Limin Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) present a promising frontier in robotic task planning by leveraging extensive human knowledge. Nevertheless, the current literature often overlooks the critical aspects of robots' adaptability and error…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Sthithpragya Gupta , Kunpeng Yao , Loïc Niederhauser , Aude Billard

This paper presents INPROVF, an automatic framework that combines large language models (LLMs) and formal methods to speed up the repair process of high-level robot controllers. Previous approaches based solely on formal methods are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Qian Meng , Jin Peng Zhou , Kilian Q. Weinberger , Hadas Kress-Gazit

Large Language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable success in assisting robot learning tasks, i.e., complex household planning. However, the performance of pretrained LLMs heavily relies on domain-specific templated text data, which may be…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Jielin Qiu , Mengdi Xu , William Han , Seungwhan Moon , Ding Zhao

Control of legged robots is a challenging problem that has been investigated by different approaches, such as model-based control and learning algorithms. This work proposes a novel Imitating and Finetuning Model Predictive Control (IFM)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Donghoon Youm , Hyunyoung Jung , Hyeongjun Kim , Jemin Hwangbo , Hae-Won Park , Sehoon Ha

In this paper we introduce a novel framework for expressing and learning force-sensitive robot manipulation skills. It is based on a formalism that extends our previous work on adaptive impedance control with meta parameter learning and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Lars Johannsmeier , Malkin Gerchow , Sami Haddadin

Embodied AI systems, including AI-powered robots that autonomously interact with the physical world, stand to be significantly advanced by Large Language Models (LLMs), which enable robots to better understand complex language commands and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Wenxiao Zhang , Xiangrui Kong , Thomas Braunl , Jin B. Hong