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We present a novel framework that integrates Large Language Models (LLMs) with automated planning and formal verification to streamline the creation and use of Markov Decision Processes (MDP). Our system leverages LLMs to extract structured…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Enrico Saccon , Davide De Martini , Matteo Saveriano , Edoardo Lamon , Luigi Palopoli , Marco Roveri

Machine learning approaches applied to NLP are often evaluated by summarizing their performance in a single number, for example accuracy. Since most test sets are constructed as an i.i.d. sample from the overall data, this approach overly…

As Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve significant breakthroughs in complex reasoning tasks, evaluating their proficiency in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) has become a primary method for measuring machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xuzhao Li , Xuchen Li , Jian Zhao , Shiyu Hu

The capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) are limited to some extent by pre-training, so some researchers optimize LLMs through post-training. Existing post-training strategies, such as memory-based retrieval or preference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Haoran Sun , Zekun Zhang , Shaoning Zeng

While Large Language Models (LLMs) are fundamentally next-token prediction systems, their practical applications extend far beyond this basic function. From natural language processing and text generation to conversational assistants and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Vishakha Agrawal , Archie Chaudhury , Shreya Agrawal

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has enabled role-playing language agents to demonstrate significant potential in various applications. However, relying solely on prompts and contextual inputs often proves insufficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Xiaoyu Zhan , Xinyu Fu , Hao Sun , Yuanqi Li , Jie Guo , Yanwen Guo

With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) in code generation, their applications in hardware design are receiving growing attention. However, existing LLMs face several challenges when generating Verilog code for finite…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Qiuming Luo , Yanming Lei , Kunzhong Wu , Yixuan Cao , Chengjian Liu

The rapid progress in the field of natural language processing (NLP) systems and the expansion of large language models (LLMs) have opened up numerous opportunities in the field of education and instructional methods. These advancements…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Avinash Anand , Mohit Gupta , Kritarth Prasad , Navya Singla , Sanjana Sanjeev , Jatin Kumar , Adarsh Raj Shivam , Rajiv Ratn Shah

Despite the existence of various benchmarks for evaluating natural language processing models, we argue that human exams are a more suitable means of evaluating general intelligence for large language models (LLMs), as they inherently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Wenxuan Zhang , Sharifah Mahani Aljunied , Chang Gao , Yew Ken Chia , Lidong Bing

In the rapidly evolving field of Explainable Natural Language Processing (NLP), textual explanations, i.e., human-like rationales, are pivotal for explaining model predictions and enriching datasets with interpretable labels. Traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Mahdi Dhaini , Juraj Vladika , Ege Erdogan , Zineb Attaoui , Gjergji Kasneci

Recent advancements in the field of Natural Language Processing, particularly the development of large-scale language models that are pretrained on vast amounts of knowledge, are creating novel opportunities within the realm of Knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Anisa Rula , Jennifer D'Souza

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) on language modeling and emergent capabilities make them a promising reference-free evaluator of natural language generation quality, and a competent alternative to human evaluation.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Yuxuan Liu , Tianchi Yang , Shaohan Huang , Zihan Zhang , Haizhen Huang , Furu Wei , Weiwei Deng , Feng Sun , Qi Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are starting to be profiled as one of the most significant disruptions in the Software Testing field. Specifically, they have been successfully applied in software testing tasks such as generating test code, or…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Cristian Augusto , Antonia Bertolino , Guglielmo De Angelis , Francesca Lonetti , Jesús Morán

The Large Language Models (LLM) are increasingly being deployed in robotics to generate robot control programs for specific user tasks, enabling embodied intelligence. Existing methods primarily focus on LLM training and prompt design that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-27 ZhenDong Chen , ZhanShang Nie , ShiXing Wan , JunYi Li , YongTian Cheng , Shuai Zhao

Automated penetration testing (AutoPT) powered by large language models (LLMs) has gained attention for its ability to automate ethical hacking processes and identify vulnerabilities in target systems by leveraging the inherent knowledge of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Hanzheng Dai , Yuanliang Li , Jun Yan , Zhibo Zhang

Designing autonomous driving systems requires efficient exploration of large hardware/software configuration spaces under diverse environmental conditions, e.g., with varying traffic, weather, and road layouts. Traditional design space…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Po-An Shih , Shao-Hua Wang , Yung-Che Li , Chia-Heng Tu , Chih-Han Chang

Quantitative backtesting is essential for evaluating trading strategies but remains hampered by high technical barriers and limited scalability. While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a transformative path to automate this complex,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhensheng Wang , Wenmian Yang , Qingtai Wu , Lequan Ma , Yiquan Zhang , Weijia Jia

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced in various fields and intelligent agent applications. However, current LLMs that learn from human or external model supervision are costly and may face performance ceilings as task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Zhengwei Tao , Ting-En Lin , Xiancai Chen , Hangyu Li , Yuchuan Wu , Yongbin Li , Zhi Jin , Fei Huang , Dacheng Tao , Jingren Zhou

Large Language Model (LLM)-based Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) enable complex problem-solving but introduce significant debugging challenges, characterized by long interaction traces, inter-agent dependencies, and delayed error manifestation.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jiazheng Li , Emine Yilmaz , Bei Chen , Dieu-Thu Le

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is witnessing a remarkable breakthrough driven by the success of Large Language Models (LLMs). LLMs have gained significant attention across academia and industry for their versatile applications in text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Taojun Hu , Xiao-Hua Zhou
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