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Young terrestrial planets, when they are still embedded in a circumstellar disk, accumulate an atmosphere of nebula gas. The evolution and eventual evaporation of the protoplanetary disk affect the structure and dynamics of the planetary…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Alexander Stoekl , Ernst Dorfi , Helmut Lammer

We calculated an atmospheric grid for hot mini-Neptune and giant exoplanets, that links astrophysical observable parameters- orbital distance and stellar type- with the chemical atmospheric species expected. The grid can be applied to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Yamila Miguel , Lisa Kaltenegger

We present here results of numerical simulations of the formation and early evolution of rocky planets through pebble accretion, with an with an emphasis on hydrogen envelope longevity and the composition of the outgassed atmosphere. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-13 Piia Maria Tomberg , Anders Johansen

The observational detection of a localized reduction in the small planet occurrence rate, sometimes termed a 'gap', is an exciting discovery because of the implications for planet evolutionary history. This gap appears to define a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-05 Raissa Estrela , Mark Swain , Akash Gupta , Christophe Sotin , Adriana Valio

Some super Earths and mini Neptunes will likely have thick atmospheres that are not H2-dominated. We have developed a photochemistry-thermochemistry kinetic-transport model for exploring the compositions of thick atmospheres on super Earths…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Renyu Hu , Sara Seager

The detection of young transiting exoplanets represents a new frontier in our understanding of planet formation and evolution. For the population of observed close-in sub-Neptunes, two proposed formation pathways can reproduce their…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-15 James G. Rogers

Many planets in the solar system and across the galaxy have hydrogen-rich atmospheres overlying more heavy element-rich interiors with which they interact for billions of years. Atmosphere-interior interactions are thus crucial to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-08 Akash Gupta , Lars Stixrude , Hilke E. Schlichting

The atmospheric composition of exoplanets with masses between 2 and 10 M$_\oplus$ is poorly understood. In that regard, the sub-Neptune K2-18b, which is subject to Earth-like stellar irradiation, offers a valuable opportunity for the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-03 Doriann Blain , Benjamin Charnay , Bruno Bézard

High-precision infrared spectroscopic measurements now enable detailed characterization of sub-Neptune atmospheres, potentially providing constraints on their interiors. Motivated by this, atmospheric models have been developed to explore…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-07 Yuichi Ito , Tadahiro Kimura , Kazumasa Ohno , Yuka Fujii , Masahiro Ikoma

The atmospheres of small, potentially rocky exoplanets are expected to cover a diverse range in composition and mass. Studying such objects therefore requires flexible and wide-ranging modeling capabilities. We present in this work the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-29 M. Scheucher , F. Wunderlich , J. L. Grenfell , M. Godolt , F. Schreier , D. Kappel , R. Haus , K. Herbst , H. Rauer

The initial abundance of radioactive heat producing isotopes in the interior of a terrestrial planet are important drivers of its thermal evolution and the related tectonics and possible evolution to an Earth-like habitat. The moderately…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-16 N. Erkaev , M. Scherf , O. Herbort , H. Lammer , P. Odert , D. Kubyshkina , M. Leitzinger , P. Woitke , C. O'Neill

Earth-like planets orbiting M-dwarfs are prominent future targets when searching for life outside the solar system. We apply our newly developed Coupled Atmosphere Biogeochemistry model to investigate the coupling between the biosphere,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-30 S. Gebauer , J. L. Grenfell , R. Lehmann , H. Rauer

H$_2$-dominated terrestrial exoplanets are highly accessible to atmospheric characterization via transmission spectroscopy, but such atmospheres are generally thought to be unstable to escape. Here, we propose that close-in, eccentric…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-10 R. Arora , S. Ranjan , P. Moitra , A. Mallik

Habitable rocky planets around M dwarfs that have H2-dominated atmospheres, if they exist, would permit characterizing habitable exoplanets with detailed spectroscopy using JWST, owing to their extended atmospheres and small stars. However,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-17 Renyu Hu , Fabrice Gaillard , Edwin Kite

The Great Oxidation Event was a period during which Earth's atmospheric oxygen (O$_2$) concentrations increased from $\sim 10^{-5}$ times its present atmospheric level (PAL) to near modern levels, marking the start of the Proterozoic…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-28 Gregory Cooke , Dan Marsh , Catherine Walsh , Sarah Rugheimer , Geronimo Villanueva

The TRAPPIST-1 planets have become prime targets for studying the atmospheric and geophysical properties of planets around M-dwarf stars. To effectively identify their atmospheric composition, we first must understand their geological…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-17 Junellie Perez , Laura K. Schaefer , Edward Schwieterman , Kevin B. Stevenson , Howard Chen , Jacob Lustig-Yaeger

Most of the exoplanets detected up to now transit in front of their host stars, allowing for the generation of transmission spectra; the study of exoplanet atmospheres relies heavily upon accurate analysis of these spectra. Recent…

Interactions between magma oceans and overlying atmospheres on young rocky planets leads to an evolving feedback of outgassing, greenhouse forcing, and mantle melt fraction. Previous studies have predominantly focused on the solidification…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-18 Harrison Nicholls , Tim Lichtenberg , Dan J. Bower , Raymond Pierrehumbert

Strongly irradiated exoplanets develop extended atmospheres that can be utilized to probe the deeper planet layers. This connection is particularly useful in the study of small exoplanets, whose bulk atmospheres are challenging to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-02 A. García Muñoz , L. Fossati , A. Youngblood , N. Nettelmann , D. Gandolfi , J. Cabrera , H. Rauer

Exoplanets smaller than Neptune are common around red dwarf stars (M dwarfs), with those that transit their host star constituting the bulk of known temperate worlds amenable for atmospheric characterization. We analyze the masses and radii…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-09 R. Luque , E. Pallé