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Annotating large datasets can be challenging. However, crowd-sourcing is often expensive and can lack quality, especially for non-trivial tasks. We propose a method of using LLMs as few-shot learners for annotating data in a complex natural…

Attribution theory explains how individuals interpret and attribute others' behavior in a social context by employing personal (dispositional) and impersonal (situational) causality. Large Language Models (LLMs), trained on human-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Hossein Salemi , Jitin Krishnan , Hemant Purohit

Low-resource languages face significant barriers in AI development due to limited linguistic resources and expertise for data labeling, rendering them rare and costly. The scarcity of data and the absence of preexisting tools exacerbate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Nataliia Kholodna , Sahib Julka , Mohammad Khodadadi , Muhammed Nurullah Gumus , Michael Granitzer

Understanding the sources of variability in annotations is crucial for developing fair NLP systems, especially for tasks like sexism detection where demographic bias is a concern. This study investigates the extent to which annotator…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Hadi Mohammadi , Tina Shahedi , Pablo Mosteiro , Massimo Poesio , Ayoub Bagheri , Anastasia Giachanou

Despite recent advancements in speech emotion recognition (SER) models, state-of-the-art deep learning (DL) approaches face the challenge of the limited availability of annotated data. Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionised our…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Siddique Latif , Muhammad Usama , Mohammad Ibrahim Malik , Björn W. Schuller

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used by researchers in the social sciences and humanities (SSH) for text analysis, particularly to automate text annotation. However, many researchers still face challenges in adopting LLMs,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Qixiang Fang , Javier Garcia Bernardo , Erik-Jan van Kesteren

Large language models (LLMs) are remarkable data annotators. They can be used to generate high-fidelity supervised training data, as well as survey and experimental data. With the widespread adoption of LLMs, human gold--standard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Veniamin Veselovsky , Manoel Horta Ribeiro , Robert West

Unlike traditional citation analysis -- which assumes that all citations in a paper are equivalent -- citation context analysis considers the contextual information of individual citations. However, citation context analysis requires…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Kai Nishikawa , Hitoshi Koshiba

This paper investigates gender bias in Large Language Model (LLM)-generated teacher evaluations in higher education setting, focusing on evaluations produced by GPT-4 across six academic subjects. By applying a comprehensive analytical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Yuanning Huang

The fluency and creativity of large pre-trained language models (LLMs) have led to their widespread use, sometimes even as a replacement for traditional search engines. Yet language models are prone to making convincing but factually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Katherine Tian , Eric Mitchell , Huaxiu Yao , Christopher D. Manning , Chelsea Finn

While a large body of literature suggests that large language models (LLMs) acquire rich linguistic representations, little is known about whether they adapt to linguistic biases in a human-like way. The present study probes this question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Suet-Ying Lam , Qingcheng Zeng , Kexun Zhang , Chenyu You , Rob Voigt

Cognitive biases often shape human decisions. While large language models (LLMs) have been shown to reproduce well-known biases, a more critical question is whether LLMs can predict biases at the individual level and emulate the dynamics of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Stephen Pilli , Vivek Nallur

Large language models (LLMs) have enabled a range of applications in zero-shot and few-shot learning settings, including the generation of synthetic datasets for training and testing. However, to reliably use these synthetic datasets, it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Gaurav Maheshwari , Dmitry Ivanov , Kevin El Haddad

Machine learning models for text classification are trained to predict a class for a given text. To do this, training and validation samples must be prepared: a set of texts is collected, and each text is assigned a class. These classes are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Aleksandr Tsymbalov , Mikhail Khovrichev

This paper presents a comprehensive and practical guide for practitioners and end-users working with Large Language Models (LLMs) in their downstream natural language processing (NLP) tasks. We provide discussions and insights into the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Jingfeng Yang , Hongye Jin , Ruixiang Tang , Xiaotian Han , Qizhang Feng , Haoming Jiang , Bing Yin , Xia Hu

Linguistic annotation of transcribed speech is essential for research in language acquisition, language disorders, and sociolinguistics, yet remains labor-intensive and time-consuming. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Qingwen Zhao , Hongao Zhu , Yunqi He , Rui Wang , Aijun Huang , Hai Hu

Large language models are increasingly used to annotate texts, but their outputs reflect some human perspectives better than others. Existing methods for correcting LLM annotation error assume a single ground truth. However, this assumption…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Navya Mehrotra , Adam Visokay , Kristina Gligorić

Human coders are biased. We test similar biases in Large Language Models (LLMs) as annotators. By replicating an experiment run by Ennser-Jedenastik and Meyer (2018), we find evidence that LLMs use political information, and specifically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Sebastian Vallejo Vera , Hunter Driggers

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a major step toward artificial general intelligence, significantly advancing our ability to interact with technology. While LLMs perform well on Natural Language Processing tasks -- such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Brandon Smith , Mohamed Reda Bouadjenek , Tahsin Alamgir Kheya , Phillip Dawson , Sunil Aryal

We examine whether large language models (LLMs) can predict biased decision-making in conversational settings, and whether their predictions capture not only human cognitive biases but also how those effects change under cognitive load. In…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Stephen Pilli , Vivek Nallur