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Several explanation methods such as Integrated Gradients (IG) can be characterised as path-based methods, as they rely on a straight line between the data and an uninformative baseline. However, when applied to language models, these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Joseph Enguehard

Integrated Gradients is a well-known technique for explaining deep learning models. It calculates feature importance scores by employing a gradient based approach computing gradients of the model output with respect to input features and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Swarnava Sinha Roy , Ayan Kundu

Over the last few years, machine learning over graph structures has manifested a significant enhancement in text mining applications such as event detection, opinion mining, and news recommendation. One of the primary challenges in this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Kayvan Bijari , Hadi Zare , Emad Kebriaei , Hadi Veisi

As deep learning (DL) efficacy grows, concerns for poor model explainability grow also. Attribution methods address the issue of explainability by quantifying the importance of an input feature for a model prediction. Among various methods,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Daniel Lundstrom , Tianjian Huang , Meisam Razaviyayn

Model compression is critical for deploying deep learning models on resource-constrained devices. We introduce a novel method enhancing knowledge distillation with integrated gradients (IG) as a data augmentation strategy. Our approach…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-18 David E. Hernandez , Jose Chang , Torbjörn E. M. Nordling

A sentiment analysis system powered by machine learning was created in this study to improve real-time social network public opinion monitoring. For sophisticated sentiment identification, the suggested approach combines cutting-edge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Arsen Tolebay Nurlanuly

Gradient-based explanation methods play an important role in the field of interpreting complex deep neural networks for NLP models. However, the existing work has shown that the gradients of a model are unstable and easily manipulable,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Zhenxiao Cheng , Jie Zhou , Wen Wu , Qin Chen , Liang He

Neural sequence models have achieved great success in sentence-level sentiment classification. However, some models are exceptionally complex or based on expensive features. Some other models recognize the value of existed linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-21 Yan Zeng , Yangyang Lan , Yazhou Hao , Chen Li , Qinhua Zheng

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning abilities in solving complex real-world problems. Yet, the internal mechanisms driving these complex reasoning behaviors remain opaque. Existing interpretability approaches targeting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Changming Li , Kaixing Zhang , Haoyun Xu , Yingdong Shi , Zheng Zhang , Kaitao Song , Kan Ren

The rise of social networks has not only facilitated communication but also allowed the spread of harmful content. Although significant advances have been made in detecting toxic language in textual data, the exploration of concept-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Samarth Garg , Divya Singh , Deeksha Varshney , Mamta

Integrated Gradients (IG) is a widely used attribution method in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). In this paper, we introduce Path-Weighted Integrated Gradients (PWIG), a generalization of IG that incorporates a customizable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Firuz Kamalov , Mohmad Al Falasi , Fadi Thabtah

Social media platforms like Twitter have increasingly relied on Natural Language Processing NLP techniques to analyze and understand the sentiments expressed in the user generated content. One such state of the art NLP model is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Akil Raj Subedi , Taniya Shah , Aswani Kumar Cherukuri , Thanos Vasilakos

Deep neural networks have produced significant progress among machine learning models in terms of accuracy and functionality, but their inner workings are still largely unknown. Attribution methods seek to shine a light on these "black box"…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Daniel Lundstrom , Meisam Razaviyayn

Researchers and financial professionals require robust computerized tools that allow users to rapidly operationalize and assess the semantic textual content in financial news. However, existing methods commonly work at the document-level…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-01-03 Bernhard Lutz , Nicolas Pröllochs , Dirk Neumann

Gradient-based explanation methods are increasingly used to interpret neural models in natural language processing (NLP) due to their high fidelity. Such methods determine word-level importance using dimension-level gradient values through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Zhenxiao Cheng , Jie Zhou , Wen Wu , Qin Chen , Liang He

Imbalanced data commonly exists in real world, espacially in sentiment-related corpus, making it difficult to train a classifier to distinguish latent sentiment in text data. We observe that humans often express transitional emotion between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-29 Tao Zhang , Xing Wu , Meng Lin , Jizhong Han , Songlin Hu

Incremental gradient (IG) methods, such as stochastic gradient descent and its variants are commonly used for large scale optimization in machine learning. Despite the sustained effort to make IG methods more data-efficient, it remains an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Baharan Mirzasoleiman , Jeff Bilmes , Jure Leskovec

Importance sampling (IS) represents a fundamental technique for a large surge of off-policy reinforcement learning approaches. Policy gradient (PG) methods, in particular, significantly benefit from IS, enabling the effective reuse of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Matteo Papini , Giorgio Manganini , Alberto Maria Metelli , Marcello Restelli

Gradient-based attribution methods can highlight input regions important for neural network predictions, but their effectiveness for temporal sound event detection in audio classification has not been systematically evaluated. This paper…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-25 Martynas Dumpis , Tuomas Virtanen

Feature attribution explains Artificial Intelligence (AI) at the instance level by providing importance scores of input features' contributions to model prediction. Integrated Gradients (IG) is a prominent path attribution method for deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yue Zhuo , Zhiqiang Ge
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