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Purpose: To assess the alignment of GPT-4-based evaluation to human clinician experts, for the evaluation of responses to ophthalmology-related patient queries generated by fine-tuned LLM chatbots. Methods: 400 ophthalmology questions and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Ting Fang Tan , Kabilan Elangovan , Liyuan Jin , Yao Jie , Li Yong , Joshua Lim , Stanley Poh , Wei Yan Ng , Daniel Lim , Yuhe Ke , Nan Liu , Daniel Shu Wei Ting

The startling success of ChatGPT and other large language models (LLMs) using transformer-based generative neural network architecture in applications such as natural language processing and image synthesis has many researchers excited…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Venkat Venkatasubramanian , Arijit Chakraborty

Realizing large-scale quantum advantage is expected to require quantum error correction (QEC), making the compilation and optimization of logical operations a critical area of research. Logical computation imposes distinct constraints and…

Recent research highlights the significant potential of ChatGPT for text annotation in social science research. However, ChatGPT is a closed-source product which has major drawbacks with regards to transparency, reproducibility, cost, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Ross Deans Kristensen-McLachlan , Miceal Canavan , Márton Kardos , Mia Jacobsen , Lene Aarøe

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong potential in code generation, yet their effectiveness in quantum computing remains underexplored. This paper benchmarks LLMs for PennyLane-based quantum code…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Abdul Basit , Minghao Shao , Muhammad Haider Asif , Nouhaila Innan , Muhammad Kashif , Alberto Marchisio , Muhammad Shafique

Generative artificial intelligence (GAI), specifically large language models (LLMs), are increasingly used in software engineering, mainly for coding tasks. However, requirements engineering - particularly requirements validation - has seen…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Adam Trendowicz , Daniel Seifert , Andreas Jedlitschka , Marcus Ciolkowski , Anton Strahilov

Religious teachings can sometimes be complex and challenging to grasp, but chatbots can serve as effective assistants in this domain. Large Language Model (LLM) based chatbots, powered by Natural Language Processing (NLP), can connect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Ahmet Yusuf Alan , Enis Karaarslan , Omer Aydin

When does a large language model (LLM) know what it does not know? Uncertainty quantification (UQ) provides measures of uncertainty, such as an estimate of the confidence in an LLM's generated output, and is therefore increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Debarun Bhattacharjya , Balaji Ganesan , Junkyu Lee , Radu Marinescu , Katsiaryna Mirylenka , Michael Glass , Xiao Shou

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into healthcare settings has gained significant attention, particularly for question-answering tasks. Given the high-stakes nature of healthcare, it is essential to ensure that LLM-generated…

Research in uncertainty quantification (UQ) for large language models (LLMs) is increasingly important towards guaranteeing the reliability of this groundbreaking technology. We explore the integration of LLM UQ methods in argumentative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Kevin Zhou , Adam Dejl , Gabriel Freedman , Lihu Chen , Antonio Rago , Francesca Toni

We describe Qiskit, a software development kit for quantum information science. We discuss the key design decisions that have shaped its development, and examine the software architecture and its core components. We demonstrate an…

Quantum machine learning (QML) is a promising paradigm for tackling computational problems that challenge classical AI. Yet, the inherent probabilistic behavior of quantum mechanics, device noise in NISQ hardware, and hybrid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-05 Ferhat Ozgur Catak , Jungwon Seo , Umit Cali

Clinical calculators are widely used, and large language models (LLMs) make it possible to engage them using natural language. We demonstrate a purpose-built chatbot that leverages software implementations of verifiable clinical calculators…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-25 Niranjan Kumar , Farid Seifi , Marisa Conte , Allen Flynn

The transformative influence of Large Language Models (LLMs) is profoundly reshaping the Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology domain. Notably, ChatGPT distinguishes itself within these models, demonstrating remarkable performance in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Sayed Erfan Arefin , Tasnia Ashrafi Heya , Hasan Al-Qudah , Ynes Ineza , Abdul Serwadda

Quantum Software (QSW) uses the principles of quantum mechanics, specifically programming quantum bits (qubits) that manipulate quantum gates, to implement quantum computing systems. QSW has become a specialized field of software…

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into wireless networks presents significant potential for automating system design. However, unlike conventional throughput maximization, Covert Communication (CC) requires optimizing…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Zhaozhi Liu , Jiaxin Chen , Yuanai Xie , Yuna Jiang , Minrui Xu , Xiao Zhang , Pan Lai , Zan Zhou

Competency Questions (CQs) are a cornerstone of requirement elicitation in ontology engineering. CQs represent requirements as a set of natural language questions that an ontology should satisfy; they are traditionally modelled by ontology…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Reham Alharbi , Valentina Tamma , Terry R. Payne , Jacopo de Berardinis

This paper surveys the development of large language model (LLM)-based agents for question answering (QA). Traditional agents face significant limitations, including substantial data requirements and difficulty in generalizing to new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Murong Yue

In this study, we investigate the use of large language models (LLMs), specifically ChatGPT, for structured deductive qualitative coding. While most current research emphasizes inductive coding applications, we address the underexplored…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Angjelin Hila , Elliott Hauser

As the complexity of integrated circuit designs continues to escalate, the functional verification becomes increasingly challenging. Reference models, critical for accelerating the verification process, are themselves becoming more…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Jianmin Ye , Tianyang Liu , Qi Tian , Shengchu Su , Zhe Jiang , Xi Wang