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As large language models (LLMs) evolve into autonomous agents capable of acting in open-ended environments, ensuring behavioral alignment with human values becomes a critical safety concern. Existing benchmarks, focused on static,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Weixiang Zhao , Haozhen Li , Yanyan Zhao , xuda zhi , Yongbo Huang , Hao He , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in human-AI interaction research and practice, yet existing capability and safety benchmarks reveal little about the value priorities these systems express or how those priorities…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Gabriel Rongyang Lau , Wei Yan Low , Seow Min Koh , Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah , Andree Hartanto

Evaluating moral alignment in agents navigating conflicting, hierarchically structured human norms is a critical challenge at the intersection of AI safety, moral philosophy, and cognitive science. We introduce Morality Chains, a novel…

The rapid proliferation of multimodal social media content has driven research in Multimodal Conversational Stance Detection (MCSD), which aims to interpret users' attitudes toward specific targets within complex discussions. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Bingbing Wang , Zhixin Bai , Zhengda Jin , Zihan Wang , Xintong Song , Jingjie Lin , Sixuan Li , Jing Li , Ruifeng Xu

Pluralistic alignment is typically operationalised as preference aggregation: producing responses that span (Overton), steer toward (Steerable), or proportionally represent (Distributional) diverse human values. We argue that aggregation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Varad Vishwarupe , Nigel Shadbolt , Marina Jirotka

The increasing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in critical societal domains has amplified concerns about fairness, particularly regarding unequal treatment across sensitive attributes such as race, gender, and socioeconomic status.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Munshi Mahbubur Rahman , Shimei Pan , James R. Foulds

Artificial intelligence (AI) is advancing at a pace that raises urgent questions about how to align machine decision-making with human moral values. This working paper investigates how leading AI systems prioritize moral outcomes and what…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Eoin O'Doherty , Nicole Weinrauch , Andrew Talone , Uri Klempner , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xing Xie , Yi Zeng

We introduce \prism{} (\textbf{P}robabilistic \textbf{R}etrieval with \textbf{I}nformation-\textbf{S}tratified \textbf{M}emory), an evolutionary memory substrate for multi-agent AI systems engaged in open-ended discovery. \prism{} unifies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Suyash Mishra

Benchmarks for competition-style reasoning have advanced evaluation in mathematics and programming, yet physics remains comparatively explored. Most existing physics benchmarks evaluate only final answers, which fail to capture reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Wanjia Zhao , Qinwei Ma , Jingzhe Shi , Shirley Wu , Jiaqi Han , Yijia Xiao , Si-Yuan Chen , Xiao Luo , Ludwig Schmidt , James Zou

Process Reward Models (PRMs) are crucial in complex reasoning and problem-solving tasks (e.g., LLM agents with long-horizon decision-making) by verifying the correctness of each intermediate reasoning step. In real-world scenarios, LLMs may…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Xiang Li , Haiyang Yu , Xinghua Zhang , Ziyang Huang , Shizhu He , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

The question of whether artificial entities deserve moral consideration has become one of the defining ethical challenges of AI research. Existing frameworks for moral patiency rely on verified ontological properties, such as sentience,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Faezeh B. Pasandi , Hannah B. Pasandi

Contemporary artificial intelligence research has been organized around two dominant ambitions: productivity, which treats AI systems as tools for accelerating work and economic output, and alignment, which focuses on ensuring that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 W. Russell Neuman , Chad Coleman

Although LLMs have made substantial progress in reasoning, systematically producing frontier-level reasoning data remains difficult. Existing synthesis methods often have limited visibility into the structural factors that govern problem…

As AI agents become increasingly autonomous, widely deployed in consequential contexts, and efficacious in bringing about real-world impacts, ensuring that their decisions are not only instrumentally effective but also normatively aligned…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Felix Jahn , Yannic Muskalla , Lisa Dargasz , Patrick Schramowski , Kevin Baum

As AI systems become increasingly sophisticated, questions about machine consciousness and its ethical implications have moved from fringe speculation to mainstream academic debate. Current ethical frameworks in this domain often implicitly…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Zhou Ziheng , Haiqiang Dai , Bin Ling , Ying Nian Wu , Demetri Terzopoulos

What values, evidence preferences, and source trust hierarchies do AI systems actually exhibit when facing structured dilemmas? We present the first large-scale empirical mapping of AI decision-making across all three layers of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Seulki Lee

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress on vision-language tasks, yet their reasoning processes remain sometimes unreliable. We introduce PRISM-Bench, a benchmark of puzzle-based visual challenges designed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yusu Qian , Cheng Wan , Chao Jia , Yinfei Yang , Qingyu Zhao , Zhe Gan

Video dataset condensation aims to reduce the immense computational cost of video processing. However, it faces a fundamental challenge regarding the inseparable interdependence between spatial appearance and temporal dynamics. Prior work…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Jaehyun Choi , Jiwan Hur , Gyojin Han , Jaemyung Yu , Junmo Kim

The critical inquiry pervading the realm of Philosophy, and perhaps extending its influence across all Humanities disciplines, revolves around the intricacies of morality and normativity. Surprisingly, in recent years, this thematic thread…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Nicholas Kluge Corrêa

Personalized alignment is crucial for enabling Large Language Models (LLMs) to engage effectively in user-centric interactions. However, current methods face a dual challenge: they fail to infer users' deep implicit preferences (including…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Peiming Li , Zhiyuan Hu , Yang Tang , Shiyu Li , Xi Chen