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Artificial intelligence (AI) model creators commonly attach restrictive terms of use to both their models and their outputs. These terms typically prohibit activities ranging from creating competing AI models to spreading disinformation.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Peter Henderson , Mark A. Lemley

AI writing assistants can reduce effort and improve fluency, but they may also weaken writers' sense of authorship. We study this tension with an ownership-aware co-writing editor that offers on-demand, sentence-level suggestions and tests…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Bohan Zhang , Chengke Bu , Paramveer S. Dhillon

In early 2025, Augmented Intelligence - Christie's first AI art auction - drew criticism for showcasing a controversial genre. Amid wider legal uncertainty, artists voiced concerns over data mining practices, notably with respect to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Imke van Heerden

Generative AI (e.g., Generative Adversarial Networks - GANs) has become increasingly popular in recent years. However, Generative AI introduces significant concerns regarding the protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) (resp. model…

The proliferation of generative AI systems creates unprecedented opportunities for content creation while raising critical concerns about controllability, copyright infringement, and content provenance. Current generative models operate as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Haris Khan , Sadia Asif , Shumaila Asif

Current legal frameworks consider AI-generated works eligible for copyright protection when they meet originality requirements and involve substantial human intellectual input. However, systematic legal standards and reliable evaluation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Zexi Jia , Chuanwei Huang , Yeshuang Zhu , Hongyan Fei , Ying Deng , Zhiqiang Yuan , Jiapei Zhang , Jinchao Zhang , Jie Zhou

The paper discusses legal aspects relevant to the development of research software and practical approaches taken by research software engineers to deal with them. Intellectual Property Rights on software are considered alongside licensing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Giuditta Parolini

As generative AI tools become embedded in creative practice, questions of ownership in co-creative contexts are pressing. Yet studies of human-AI collaboration often invoke "ownership" without definition: sometimes conflating it with other…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Tejaswi Polimetla , Katy Ilonka Gero , Elena Leah Glassman

The advent of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) models, including GitHub Copilot, OpenAI GPT, and Stable Diffusion, has revolutionized content creation, enabling non-professionals to produce high-quality content across various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Uri Hacohen , Adi Haviv , Shahar Sarfaty , Bruria Friedman , Niva Elkin-Koren , Roi Livni , Amit H Bermano

In this Article, I explore the impending conflict between the protection of civil rights and artificial intelligence (AI). While both areas of law have amassed rich and well-developed areas of scholarly work and doctrinal support, a growing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Sonia Katyal

Patent drafting presents significant challenges due to its reliance on the extensive experience and specialized expertise of patent attorneys, who must possess both legal acumen and technical understanding of an invention to craft patent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Sai Krishna Reddy Mudhiganti , Juanyan Wang , Ruo Yang , Manali Sharma

Many AI companies are training their large language models (LLMs) on data without the permission of the copyright owners. The permissibility of doing so varies by jurisdiction: in countries like the EU and Japan, this is allowed under…

Human-AI interaction in text production increases complexity in authorship. In two empirical studies (n1 = 30 & n2 = 96), we investigate authorship and ownership in human-AI collaboration for personalized language generation. We show an AI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Fiona Draxler , Anna Werner , Florian Lehmann , Matthias Hoppe , Albrecht Schmidt , Daniel Buschek , Robin Welsch

Since the public release of ChatGPT in November 2022, the AI landscape is undergoing a rapid transformation. Currently, the use of AI chatbots by consumers has largely been limited to image generation or question-answering language models.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Christoph Busch

There is a growing concern that generative AI models will generate outputs closely resembling the copyrighted materials for which they are trained. This worry has intensified as the quality and complexity of generative models have immensely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Niva Elkin-Koren , Uri Hacohen , Roi Livni , Shay Moran

The intellectual property protection of deep learning (DL) models has attracted increasing serious concerns. Many works on intellectual property protection for Deep Neural Networks (DNN) models have been proposed. The vast majority of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Mingfu Xue , Leo Yu Zhang , Yushu Zhang , Weiqiang Liu

Recent successes in Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) have led to new technologies capable of generating high-quality code, natural language, and images. The next step is to integrate GenAI technology into products, a task…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Steffen Herbold , Brian Valerius , Anamaria Mojica-Hanke , Isabella Lex , Joel Mittel

The emerging field of AI-generated art has witnessed the rise of prompt marketplaces, where creators can purchase, sell, or share prompts to generate unique artworks. These marketplaces often assert ownership over prompts, claiming them as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Khoi Trinh , Scott Seidenberger , Joseph Spracklen , Raveen Wijewickrama , Bimal Viswanath , Murtuza Jadliwala , Anindya Maiti

The expanse of information available over the internet makes it difficult to identify whether a specific work is a replica or a duplication of a protected work, especially if we talk about visual representations. Strategies are planned to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Ashutosh , Rahul Jashvantbhai Pandya

This paper introduces AI as a Research Object (AI-RO), a paradigm for governing the use of generative AI in scientific research. Instead of debating whether AI is an author or merely a tool, we propose treating AI interactions as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ruta Binkyte , Sharif Abuaddba , Chamikara Mahawaga , Ming Ding , Natasha Fernandes , Mario Fritz