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Speech-to-speech large language models (SLLMs) are attracting increasing attention. Derived from text-based large language models (LLMs), SLLMs often exhibit degradation in knowledge and reasoning capabilities. We hypothesize that this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Yuhao Zhang , Yuhao Du , Zhanchen Dai , Xiangnan Ma , Kaiqi Kou , Benyou Wang , Haizhou Li

The latency bottleneck of traditional text-to-speech (TTS) systems fundamentally hinders the potential of streaming large language models (LLMs) in conversational AI. These TTS systems, typically trained and inferenced on complete…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Richard He Bai , Zijin Gu , Tatiana Likhomanenko , Navdeep Jaitly

Normally, a system that translates speech into text consists of separate modules for speech recognition and text-to-text translation. Combining those tasks into a SpeechLLM promises to exploit paralinguistic information in the speech and to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Titouan Parcollet , Shucong Zhang , Xianrui Zheng , Rogier C. van Dalen

Unified architectures in multimodal large language models (MLLM) have shown promise in handling diverse tasks within a single framework. In the text-to-speech (TTS) task, current MLLM-based approaches rely on discrete token representations,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-27 Xinlu He , Swayambhu Nath Ray , Harish Mallidi , Jia-Hong Huang , Ashwin Bellur , Chander Chandak , M. Maruf , Venkatesh Ravichandran

Auto-regressive speech-text models pre-trained on interleaved text tokens and discretized speech tokens demonstrate strong speech understanding and generation, yet remain substantially less compute-efficient than text LLMs, partly due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yen-Ju Lu , Yashesh Gaur , Wei Zhou , Benjamin Muller , Jesus Villalba , Najim Dehak , Luke Zettlemoyer , Gargi Ghosh , Mike Lewis , Srinivasan Iyer , Duc Le

We present VoXtream, a fully autoregressive, zero-shot streaming text-to-speech (TTS) system for real-time use that begins speaking from the first word. VoXtream directly maps incoming phonemes to audio tokens using a monotonic alignment…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-27 Nikita Torgashov , Gustav Eje Henter , Gabriel Skantze

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently garnered significant attention, primarily for their capabilities in text-based interactions. However, natural human interaction often relies on speech, necessitating a shift towards voice-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Wenqian Cui , Dianzhi Yu , Xiaoqi Jiao , Ziqiao Meng , Guangyan Zhang , Qichao Wang , Yiwen Guo , Irwin King

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved notable success in enhancing translation performance by integrating multimodal information. However, existing research primarily focuses on image-guided methods, whose applicability is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yexing Du , Youcheng Pan , Zekun Wang , Zheng Chu , Yichong Huang , Kaiyuan Liu , Bo Yang , Yang Xiang , Ming Liu , Bing Qin

The rapid progress of Large Language Models (LLMs) has empowered omni models to act as voice assistants capable of understanding spoken dialogues. These models can process multimodal inputs beyond text, such as speech and visual data,…

Recent advances in zero-shot text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis have achieved high-quality speech generation for unseen speakers, but most systems remain unsuitable for real-time applications because of their offline design. Current streaming…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Hui Wang , Yifan Yang , Shujie Liu , Jinyu Li , Lingwei Meng , Yanqing Liu , Jiaming Zhou , Haoqin Sun , Yan Lu , Yong Qin

Recent progress in large models has led to significant advances in unified multimodal generation and understanding. However, the development of models that unify motion-language generation and understanding remains largely underexplored.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Zekun Li , Sizhe An , Chengcheng Tang , Chuan Guo , Ivan Shugurov , Linguang Zhang , Amy Zhao , Srinath Sridhar , Lingling Tao , Abhay Mittal

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities, yet interaction with these models is mostly facilitated through text. Using Text-To-Speech to synthesize LLM outputs typically results in notable latency, which is…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-21 Avihu Dekel , Slava Shechtman , Raul Fernandez , David Haws , Zvi Kons , Ron Hoory

We introduce MiniMax-Speech, an autoregressive Transformer-based Text-to-Speech (TTS) model that generates high-quality speech. A key innovation is our learnable speaker encoder, which extracts timbre features from a reference audio without…

Human speech goes beyond the mere transfer of information; it is a profound exchange of emotions and a connection between individuals. While Text-to-Speech (TTS) models have made huge progress, they still face challenges in controlling the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-14 Guanrou Yang , Chen Yang , Qian Chen , Ziyang Ma , Wenxi Chen , Wen Wang , Tianrui Wang , Yifan Yang , Zhikang Niu , Wenrui Liu , Fan Yu , Zhihao Du , Zhifu Gao , ShiLiang Zhang , Xie Chen

Current methods of building LLMs with voice interaction capabilities rely heavily on explicit text autoregressive generation before or during speech response generation to maintain content quality, which unfortunately brings computational…

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) and multimodal speech-text models have laid the groundwork for seamless voice interactions, enabling real-time, natural, and human-like conversations. Previous models for voice…

Recent Speech Large Language Models~(LLMs) have achieved impressive capabilities in end-to-end speech interaction. However, the prevailing autoregressive paradigm imposes strict serial constraints, limiting generation efficiency and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ziyang Cheng , Yuhao Wang , Heyang Liu , Ronghua Wu , Qunshan Gu , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising performance in both automatic speech recognition (ASR) and text-to-speech (TTS) systems, gradually becoming the mainstream approach. However, most current approaches address these…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-21 Wenhao Guan , Zhikang Niu , Ziyue Jiang , Kaidi Wang , Peijie Chen , Qingyang Hong , Lin Li , Xie Chen

We introduces LLaST, a framework for building high-performance Large Language model based Speech-to-text Translation systems. We address the limitations of end-to-end speech translation(E2E ST) models by exploring model architecture design…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Xi Chen , Songyang Zhang , Qibing Bai , Kai Chen , Satoshi Nakamura

Prior works have demonstrated zero-shot text-to-speech by using a generative language model on audio tokens obtained via a neural audio codec. It is still challenging, however, to adapt them to low-latency scenarios. In this paper, we…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Trung Dang , David Aponte , Dung Tran , Kazuhito Koishida
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