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This paper investigates how near-field beamfocusing can be achieved using a modular linear array (MLA), composed of multiple widely spaced uniform linear arrays (ULAs). The MLA architecture extends the aperture length of a standard ULA…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-09 Alva Kosasih , Özlem Tuğfe Demir , Emil Björnson

In the next generation of wireless systems, Massive MIMO offers high angular resolution for localization. By virtue of large number of antennas, the Angle of Arrival (AoA) of User Terminals (UTs) can be estimated with high accuracy.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Masoud Arash , Hamed Mirghasemi , Ivan Stupia , Luc Vandendorpe

Extremely large-scale multiple-input-multiple-output (XL-MIMO) with hybrid precoding is a promising technique to meet the high data rate requirements for future 6G communications. To realize efficient hybrid precoding, it is essential to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Mingyao Cui , Linglong Dai

The upper mid-band (or FR3, spanning 6-24 GHz) is a crucial frequency range for next-generation mobile networks, offering a favorable balance between coverage and spectrum efficiency. From another perspective, the systems operating in the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-05 Ali Rasteh , Raghavendra Palayam Hari , Hao Guo , Marco Mezzavilla , Sundeep Rangan

Near-field ultra-massive MIMO (U-MIMO) systems provide enhanced spatial resolution but present challenges for channel estimation, particularly when hybrid architectures are employed. Within this framework, dictionary-based channel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-02 Luca Antonelli , Antonio Alberto D Amico , Luca Sanguinetti

This paper presents an analysis of target localization accuracy, attainable by the use of MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) radar systems, configured with multiple transmit and receive sensors, widely distributed over a given area. The…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Hana Godrich , Alexander M. Haimovich , Rick S. Blum

Movable antennas (MAs) show great promise for enhancing the sensing capabilities of future sixth-generation (6G) networks. With the growing prevalence of near-field propagation at ultra-high frequencies, this paper focuses on the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-08 Yushen Wang , Weidong Mei , Xin Wei , Boyu Ning , Zhi Chen

Extremely large-scale multiple-input-multiple-output (XL-MIMO) at millimeter-wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) bands plays an important role in supporting extreme high beamforming gain as well as ultra-wideband spectrum resources.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Mingyao Cui , Linglong Dai

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is expected to be an important technology in future sixth generation (6G) networks. Compared with conventional single-polarized XL-MIMO, where signals are transmitted and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Shuhao Zeng , Boya Di , Hongliang Zhang , Zhu Han , H. Vincent Poor

With the increase of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) array size and carrier frequency, near-field MIMO communications will become crucial in 6G wireless networks. Due to the increase of MIMO near-field range, the research of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-23 Haiyang Miao , Jianhua Zhang , Pan Tang , Heng Wang , Lei Tian , Guangyi Liu

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is a key technology for next-generation wireless communication systems. By deploying significantly more antennas than conventional massive MIMO systems, XL-MIMO promises…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Ming Zeng , Ji Wang , Wanming Hao , Zheng Chu , Wenwu Xie , Quoc-Viet Pham

In this paper, we consider a single-anchor localization system assisted by a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), where the objective is to localize multiple user equipments (UEs) placed in the radiative near-field region of the RIS by…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-24 Parisa Ramezani , Alva Kosasih , Emil Björnson

This letter exploits moving arrays to enable nearfield multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) sensing via a limited number of antenna elements. We consider a scenario where a base station (BS) is equipped with a uniform linear array (ULA) on…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-15 Yilong Chen , Zixiang Ren , Xianghao Yu , Lei Liu , Jie Xu

In this paper, we investigate a novel multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar system aided by phase shifter based polarization-reconfigurable antennas (PRAs). Specifically, a base station (BS) equipped with multiple PRAs at both the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Jinpeng Xu , Shuowen Zhang

Localizing near-field sources considering practical arrays is a recent challenging topic for next generation wireless communication systems. Practical antenna array apertures with closely spaced elements exhibit direction-dependent mutual…

Extremely large-scale multiple-input-multiple-output (XL-MIMO), which offers vast spatial degrees of freedom, has emerged as a potentially pivotal enabling technology for the sixth generation (6G) of wireless mobile networks. With its…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Zhe Wang , Jiayi Zhang , Hongyang Du , Dusit Niyato , Shuguang Cui , Bo Ai , Mérouane Debbah , Khaled B. Letaief , H. Vincent Poor

Extremely large-scale multiple-input-multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is an emerging transceiver technology for enabling next-generation communication systems, due to its potential for substantial enhancement in both the spectral efficiency and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Zhe Wang , Jiayi Zhang , Wenhui Yi , Huahua Xiao , Hongyang Du , Dusit Niyato , Bo Ai , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng

With the advent of extremely large-scale MIMO (XL-MIMO), mmWave/THz bands and ultra-wideband transmission, future 6G systems demand real-time positioning with centimeter or even millimeter level accuracy. This paper addresses the pronounced…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Aibiao Zhang , Weizheng Zhang , Chiya Zhang

Sensing emerges as a critical challenge in 6G networks, which require simultaneous communication and target sensing capabilities. State-of-the-art super-resolution techniques for the direction of arrival (DoA) estimation encounter…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-17 Murat Babek Salman , Emil Björnson

Accurate multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel estimation is critical for next-generation wireless systems, enabling enhanced communication and sensing performance. Traditional model-based channel estimation methods suffer, however,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-02 Seyed Alireza Javid , Nuria González-Prelcic