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Large language models (LLMs) achieve good performance on challenging reasoning benchmarks, yet could also make basic reasoning mistakes. This contrasting behavior is puzzling when it comes to understanding the mechanisms behind LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Chulin Xie , Yangsibo Huang , Chiyuan Zhang , Da Yu , Xinyun Chen , Bill Yuchen Lin , Bo Li , Badih Ghazi , Ravi Kumar

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have advanced rapidly; however, existing benchmarks in mathematics, code, and common-sense reasoning remain limited. They lack long-context evaluation, offer insufficient challenge, and provide answers that are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Qifan Zhang , Jianhao Ruan , Aochuan Chen , Kang Zeng , Nuo Chen , Jing Tang , Jia Li

Reasoning has become a central paradigm for large language models (LLMs), consistently boosting accuracy across diverse benchmarks. Yet its suitability for precision-sensitive tasks remains unclear. We present the first systematic study of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Atoosa Chegini , Hamid Kazemi , Garrett Souza , Maria Safi , Yang Song , Samy Bengio , Sinead Williamson , Mehrdad Farajtabar

Recent advances in reasoning with large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on complex mathematical tasks, including combinatorial optimization. Techniques such as Chain-of-Thought and In-Context Learning have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Marylou Fauchard , Florian Carichon , Margarida Carvalho , Golnoosh Farnadi

Mathematical reasoning models are widely deployed in education, automated tutoring, and decision support systems despite exhibiting fundamental computational instabilities. We demonstrate that state-of-the-art models (Qwen2.5-Math-7B)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Subramanyam Sahoo , Aman Chadha , Vinija Jain , Divya Chaudhary

While large language models (LLMs) excel in mathematical and code reasoning, we observe they struggle with social reasoning tasks, exhibiting cognitive confusion, logical inconsistencies, and conflation between objective world states and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jialu Du , Guiyang Hou , Yihui Fu , Chen Wu , Wenqi Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Weiming Lu

Large Language Models have demonstrated strong performance on many established reasoning benchmarks. However, these benchmarks primarily evaluate structured skills like quantitative problem-solving, leaving a gap in assessing flexible,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Deepon Halder , Alan Saji , Thanmay Jayakumar , Ratish Puduppully , Anoop Kunchukuttan , Raj Dabre

Mathematical reasoning is essential for problem-solving in education, science, and industry, serving as a crucial benchmark for evaluating artificial intelligence systems. As Large Language Models (LLMs) improve their reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Husnain Amjad , Raja Khurram Shahzad , Aamir Shahzad , Mehwish Fatima

Large language models (LLMs) such as GPT, Gemini, and Claude often appear adept at solving classic logic puzzles--but how much genuine reasoning underlies their answers? Recent evidence suggests that these models frequently rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Souradeep Mukhopadhyay , Rishabh Baral , Nimeesh Mahajan , Samhitha Harish , Aswin RRV , Mihir Parmar , Mutsumi Nakamura , Chitta Baral

Reasoning-enhanced large language models (RLLMs), whether explicitly trained for reasoning or prompted via chain-of-thought (CoT), have achieved state-of-the-art performance on many complex reasoning tasks. However, we uncover a surprising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Xiaomin Li , Zhou Yu , Zhiwei Zhang , Xupeng Chen , Ziji Zhang , Yingying Zhuang , Narayanan Sadagopan , Anurag Beniwal

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in vulnerability detection. However, a critical reliability gap persists: models frequently yield correct detection verdicts based on hallucinated logic or superficial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Li Lu , Yanjie Zhao , Hongzhou Rao , Kechi Zhang , Haoyu Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly described as possessing strong reasoning capabilities, supported by high performance on mathematical, logical, and planning benchmarks. However, most existing evaluations rely on aggregate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Md. Fahad Ullah Utsho , Mohd. Ruhul Ameen , Akif Islam , Md. Golam Rashed , Dipankar Das

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across a range of reasoning tasks, yet little is known about their internal reasoning processes in multilingual settings. We begin with a critical question: {\it In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Zhi Rui Tam , Cheng-Kuang Wu , Yu Ying Chiu , Chieh-Yen Lin , Yun-Nung Chen , Hung-yi Lee

Mathematical reasoning poses a significant challenge for language models due to its complex and structured nature. In this paper, we introduce DeepSeekMath 7B, which continues pre-training DeepSeek-Coder-Base-v1.5 7B with 120B math-related…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Zhihong Shao , Peiyi Wang , Qihao Zhu , Runxin Xu , Junxiao Song , Xiao Bi , Haowei Zhang , Mingchuan Zhang , Y. K. Li , Y. Wu , Daya Guo

Reasoning has emerged as the next major frontier for language models (LMs), with rapid advances from both academic and industrial labs. However, this progress often outpaces methodological rigor, with many evaluations relying on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Andreas Hochlehnert , Hardik Bhatnagar , Vishaal Udandarao , Samuel Albanie , Ameya Prabhu , Matthias Bethge

Large Language Models (LLMs) are extensively used today across various sectors, including academia, research, business, and finance, for tasks such as text generation, summarization, and translation. Despite their widespread adoption, these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Yash Saxena , Sarthak Chopra , Arunendra Mani Tripathi

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have intensified the debate surrounding the fundamental nature of their reasoning capabilities. While achieving high performance on benchmarks such as GPQA and MMLU, these models exhibit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Santosh Kumar Radha , Oktay Goktas

Recent Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have achieved remarkable progress on task-specific benchmarks, yet their evaluation methods remain constrained by isolated problem-solving paradigms. Existing benchmarks predominantly assess…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Zhuoshi Pan , Qizhi Pei , Yu Li , Qiyao Sun , Zinan Tang , H. Vicky Zhao , Conghui He , Lijun Wu

Reasoning in large language models has long been a central research focus, and recent studies employing reinforcement learning (RL) have introduced diverse methods that yield substantial performance gains with minimal or even no external…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a promising approach for mitigating the hallucination of large language models (LLMs). However, existing research lacks rigorous evaluation of the impact of retrieval-augmented generation on different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Jiawei Chen , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Le Sun