Related papers: Lite-PoT: Practical Powers-of-Tau Setup Ceremony
Zero-knowledge succinct non-interactive argument of knowledge (zkSNARK) allows a party, known as the prover, to convince another party, known as the verifier, that he knows a private value $v$, without revealing it, such that $F(u,v)=y$ for…
This paper proposes a novel recursive polynomial commitment scheme (PCS) and a new polynomial interactive oracle proof (PIOP) protocol, which compile into efficient and transparent zk-SNARKs (zero-knowledge succinct non-interactive…
Federated learning (FL) enables multiple participants to collaboratively train machine learning models while ensuring their data remains private and secure. Blockchain technology further enhances FL by providing stronger security, a…
The Open Vote Network is a self-tallying decentralized e-voting protocol suitable for boardroom elections. Currently, it has two Ethereum-based implementations: the first, by McCorry et al., has a scalability issue since all the…
As the confidentiality and scalability of smart contracts have become a crucial demand of blockchains, off-chain contract execution frameworks have been promising. Some have recently expanded off-chain contracts to Multi-Party Computation…
Proof of Work (PoW) is widely regarded as the most secure permissionless blockchain consensus protocol. However, its reliance on computationally intensive yet externally useless puzzles results in excessive electric energy wasting. To…
In this paper, we propose a trust-centric privacy-preserving blockchain for dynamic spectrum access in IoT networks. To be specific, we propose a trust evaluation mechanism to evaluate the trustworthiness of sensing nodes and design a…
The Bitcoin white paper introduced blockchain technology, enabling trustful transactions without intermediaries. Smart contracts emerged with Ethereum and blockchains expanded beyond cryptocurrency, applying to auctions, crowdfunding and…
This paper introduces Proof of Team Sprint (PoTS), a novel consensus algorithm designed to address the significant energy inefficiencies inherent in traditional Proof of Work (PoW) systems. PoTS shifts the consensus mechanism from an…
Blockchain-based sensor networks offer promising solutions for secure and transparent data management in IoT ecosystems. However, efficient set membership proofs remain a critical challenge, particularly in resource-constrained…
We present the new mining protocol Proof-of-Reputation (PoR) for decentralized Proof-of-Work (PoW) blockchains, in particular for Bitcoin. PoR combines the classical PoW with the new ingredient of cryptographic reputation. The same level of…
In recent years, the confidentiality of smart contracts has become a fundamental requirement for practical applications. While many efforts have been made to develop architectural capabilities for enforcing confidential smart contracts, a…
With the rapid popularity of blockchain, decentralized human intelligence tasks (HITs) are proposed to crowdsource human knowledge without relying on vulnerable third-party platforms. However, the inherent limits of blockchain cause…
A zk-SNARK is a protocol that lets one party, the prover, prove to another party, the verifier, that a statement about some privately-held information is true without revealing the information itself. This paper describes technical…
Bitcoin is the first fully-decentralized permissionless blockchain protocol to achieve a high level of security, but at the expense of poor throughput and latency. Scaling the performance of Bitcoin has a been a major recent direction of…
This paper proposes a protocol for Proof of Assets of a bitcoin exchange using the Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge (ZK-SNARK) without revealing either the bitcoin addresses of the exchange or balances…
On-chain crowdsourcing leverages blockchain's decentralization, transparency, and tamper-resistance to build trustworthy and verifiable Web3 crowdsourced services. However, existing decentralized reputation frameworks do not reconcile…
Zero-Knowledge Proof-of-Identity from trusted public certificates (e.g., national identity cards and/or ePassports; eSIM) is introduced here to permissionless blockchains in order to remove the inefficiencies of Sybil-resistant mechanisms…
We propose CrowdPatching, a blockchain-based decentralized protocol, allowing Internet of Things (IoT) manufacturers to delegate the delivery of software updates to self-interested distributors in exchange for cryptocurrency. Manufacturers…
Permissionless Proof-of-Stake (PoS) economic security is predicated on the high cost of violating consensus safety or liveness. We show that liquid staking introduces additional risks that are not captured by standard PoS economic security…