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Consistency regularization (CR) improves the robustness and accuracy of Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) by ensuring predictions remain stable across input perturbations. In this work, we propose Align-Consistency, an extension…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-27 Wanting Huang , Weiran Wang

In clinical decision-making, predictive models face a persistent trade-off: accurate models are often opaque "black boxes," while interpretable methods frequently lack predictive precision or statistical grounding. In this paper, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zijian Shao , Haiyang Shen , Mugeng Liu , Gecheng Fu , Yaoqi Guo , Yanfeng Wang , Yun Ma

Class-Agnostic Counting (CAC) seeks to accurately count objects in a given image with only a few reference examples. While previous methods achieving this relied on additional training, recent efforts have shown that it's possible to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Yuhao Lin , Haiming Xu , Lingqiao Liu , Javen Qinfeng Shi

In clinical applications, the utility of segmentation models is often based on the accuracy of derived downstream metrics such as organ size, rather than by the pixel-level accuracy of the segmentation masks themselves. Thus, uncertainty…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-03 Matt Y. Cheung , Ashok Veeraraghavan , Guha Balakrishnan

Neural cellular automata (NCA) provide a lightweight alternative to encoder-decoder segmentation networks. However, it can be difficult to decide when a prediction should be trusted. Here, we study uncertainty estimation for NCA-based…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Ario Sadafi , Michael Deutges , Nassir Navab , Carsten Marr

Synthetic data, an appealing alternative to extensive expert-annotated data for medical image segmentation, consistently fails to improve segmentation performance despite its visual realism. The reason being that synthetic and real medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 OFM Riaz Rahman Aranya , Kevin Desai

Most image restoration problems are ill-conditioned or ill-posed and hence involve significant uncertainty. Quantifying this uncertainty is crucial for reliably interpreting experimental results, particularly when reconstructed images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Jasper M. Everink , Bernardin Tamo Amougou , Marcelo Pereyra

Uncertainty quantification is necessary for developers, physicians, and regulatory agencies to build trust in machine learning predictors and improve patient care. Beyond measuring uncertainty, it is crucial to express it in clinically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Jacopo Teneggi , J Webster Stayman , Jeremias Sulam

Nuclei instance segmentation in pathological images is crucial for downstream tasks such as tumor microenvironment analysis. However, the high cost and scarcity of annotated data limit the applicability of fully supervised methods, while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Zenan Lin , Wei Li , Jintao Chen , Zihao Wu , Wenxiong Kang , Changxin Gao , Liansheng Wang , Jin-Gang Yu

Learning semantic segmentation from weakly-labeled (e.g., image tags only) data is challenging since it is hard to infer dense object regions from sparse semantic tags. Despite being broadly studied, most current efforts directly learn from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Tianfei Zhou , Meijie Zhang , Fang Zhao , Jianwu Li

Vision-grounded medical report generation aims to produce clinically accurate descriptions of medical images, anchored in explicit visual evidence to improve interpretability and facilitate integration into clinical workflows. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Longzhen Yang , Zhangkai Ni , Ying Wen , Yihang Liu , Lianghua He , Heng Tao Shen

Medical image segmentation is one of the fundamental problems for artificial intelligence-based clinical decision systems. Current automatic medical image segmentation methods are often failed to meet clinical requirements. As such, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Wenhao Li , Qisen Xu , Chuyun Shen , Bin Hu , Fengping Zhu , Yuxin Li , Bo Jin , Xiangfeng Wang

Visual abductive reasoning aims to make likely explanations for visual observations. We propose a simple yet effective Region Conditioned Adaptation, a hybrid parameter-efficient fine-tuning method that equips the frozen CLIP with the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Hao Zhang , Yeo Keat Ee , Basura Fernando

Recent works have introduced methods to estimate segmentation performance without ground truth, relying solely on neural network softmax outputs. These techniques hold potential for intuitive output quality control. However, such…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-30 Anna M. Wundram , Paul Fischer , Michael Muehlebach , Lisa M. Koch , Christian F. Baumgartner

The most successful multi-domain text classification (MDTC) approaches employ the shared-private paradigm to facilitate the enhancement of domain-invariant features through domain-specific attributes. Additionally, they employ adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Juntao Hu , Yuan Wu

Quality control of structures segmentation in volumetric medical images is important for identifying segmentation errors in clinical practice and for facilitating model development. This paper introduces SegQC, a novel framework for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-13 Bella Specktor-Fadida , Liat Ben-Sira , Dafna Ben-Bashat , Leo Joskowicz

We propose Reverse Contrast Attention (RCA), a plug-in method that enhances object localization in vision-language transformers without retraining. RCA reweights final-layer attention by suppressing extremes and amplifying mid-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Drandreb Earl O. Juanico , Rowel O. Atienza , Jeffrey Kenneth Go

Root cause analysis (RCA) in complex systems is challenging due to error propagation across multiple variables, the need for structural causal knowledge, and the computational cost of inference at test time. We introduce PRIM (Prior-fitted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Christopher Lohse , Anish Dhir , Amadou Ba , Bradley Eck , Marco Ruffini , Jonas Wahl

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has achieved notable progress in medical image segmentation. To achieve effective SSL, a model needs to be able to efficiently learn from limited labeled data and effectively exploiting knowledge from abundant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Juzheng Miao , Cheng Chen , Keli Zhang , Jie Chuai , Quanzheng Li , Pheng-Ann Heng

Recent advancements in foundation models, such as the Segment Anything Model (SAM), have shown strong performance in various vision tasks, particularly image segmentation, due to their impressive zero-shot segmentation capabilities.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Pengfei Gu , Haoteng Tang , Islam A. Ebeid , Jose A. Nunez , Fabian Vazquez , Diego Adame , Marcus Zhan , Huimin Li , Bin Fu , Danny Z. Chen