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Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) seeks to produce explanations for those machine learning methods which are deemed opaque. However, there is considerable disagreement about what this means and how to achieve it. Authors disagree on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Oliver Buchholz

This position paper looks at differences between the current understandings of human-centered explainability and explainability AI. We discuss current ideas in both fields, as well as the differences and opportunities we discovered. As an…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Janin Koch , Vitor Fortes Rey

Both humans and machine learning models learn from experience, particularly in safety- and reliability-critical domains. While psychology seeks to understand human cognition, the field of Explainable AI (XAI) develops methods to interpret…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Roussel Rahman , Aashwin Ananda Mishra , Wan-Lin Hu

Despite a surge collection of XAI methods, users still struggle to obtain required AI explanations. Previous research suggests chatbots as dynamic solutions, but the effective design of conversational XAI agents for practical human needs…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Hua Shen , Chieh-Yang Huang , Tongshuang Wu , Ting-Hao 'Kenneth' Huang

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly embedded in critical decision-making systems, however their foundational ``black-box'' models require eXplainable AI (XAI) solutions to enhance transparency, which are mostly oriented to experts,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Eva Paraschou , Ioannis Arapakis , Sofia Yfantidou , Sebastian Macaluso , Athena Vakali

The need for explanations in AI has, by and large, been driven by the desire to increase the transparency of black-box machine learning models. However, such explanations, which focus on the internal mechanisms that lead to a specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Laura Spillner , Nima Zargham , Mihai Pomarlan , Robert Porzel , Rainer Malaka

AI systems are increasingly being adopted across various domains and application areas. With this surge, there is a growing research focus and societal concern for actively involving humans in developing, operating, and adopting these…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Muhammad Raees , Inge Meijerink , Ioanna Lykourentzou , Vassilis-Javed Khan , Konstantinos Papangelis

Our research is focused on making a human-like question answering system which can answer rationally. The distinguishing characteristic of our approach is that it will use automated common sense reasoning to truly "understand" dialogues,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Kinjal Basu

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) systems need to include an explanation model to communicate the internal decisions, behaviours and actions to the interacting humans. Successful explanation involves both cognitive and social…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-07 Prashan Madumal , Tim Miller , Liz Sonenberg , Frank Vetere

Recent works have recognized the need for human-centered perspectives when designing and evaluating human-AI interactions and explainable AI methods. Yet, current approaches fall short at intercepting and managing unexpected user behavior…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Michaela Benk , Raphael Weibel , Andrea Ferrario

Although several post-hoc methods for explainable AI have been developed, most are static and neglect the user perspective, limiting their effectiveness for the target audience. In response, we developed the interactive explainable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Pauline Speckmann , Mario Nadj , Christian Janiesch

Explainable AI (XAI) aims to make AI systems more transparent, yet many practices emphasise mathematical rigour over practical user needs. We propose an alternative to this model-centric approach by following a design thinking process for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Elisa Nguyen , Johannes Bertram , Evgenii Kortukov , Jean Y. Song , Seong Joon Oh

While it seems sensible that human-centred artificial intelligence (AI) means centring "human behaviour and experience," it cannot be any other way. AI, I argue, is usefully seen as a relationship between technology and humans where it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Olivia Guest

Explainability techniques are rapidly being developed to improve human-AI decision-making across various cooperative work settings. Consequently, previous research has evaluated how decision-makers collaborate with imperfect AI by…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Katelyn Morrison , Philipp Spitzer , Violet Turri , Michelle Feng , Niklas Kühl , Adam Perer

In this work, we report the practical and theoretical aspects of Explainable AI (XAI) identified in some fundamental literature. Although there is a vast body of work on representing the XAI backgrounds, most of the corpuses pinpoint a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Nazanin Fouladgar , Kary Främling

As the field of healthcare increasingly adopts artificial intelligence, it becomes important to understand which types of explanations increase transparency and empower users to develop confidence and trust in the predictions made by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Felix Liedeker , Olivia Sanchez-Graillet , Moana Seidler , Christian Brandt , Jörg Wellmer , Philipp Cimiano

Understanding the decisions made and actions taken by increasingly complex AI system remains a key challenge. This has led to an expanding field of research in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), highlighting the potential of…

The growing attention to artificial intelligence-based applications has led to research interest in explainability issues. This emerging research attention on explainable AI (XAI) advocates the need to investigate end user-centric…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-07 AKM Bahalul Haque , A. K. M. Najmul Islam , Patrick Mikalef

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology gets more intertwined with every system, people are using AI to make decisions on their everyday activities. In simple contexts, such as Netflix recommendations, or in more complex context like in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-03-04 Juliana Jansen Ferreira , Mateus de Souza Monteiro

Machine learning (ML) systems across many application areas are increasingly demonstrating performance that is beyond that of humans. In response to the proliferation of such models, the field of Explainable AI (XAI) has sought to develop…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Devleena Das , Sonia Chernova