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Related papers: A Study on Malicious Browser Extensions in 2025

200 papers

Machine learning based phishing website detectors (ML-PWD) are a critical part of today's anti-phishing solutions in operation. Unfortunately, ML-PWD are prone to adversarial evasions, evidenced by both academic studies and analyses of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Ying Yuan , Qingying Hao , Giovanni Apruzzese , Mauro Conti , Gang Wang

The distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack is detrimental to businesses and individuals as people are heavily relying on the Internet. Due to remarkable profits, crackers favor DDoS as cybersecurity weapons to attack a victim. Even…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Jianhua Li , Ximeng Liu , Jiong JIn , Shui Yu

Browser agents enable autonomous web interaction but face critical reliability and security challenges in production. This paper presents findings from building and operating a production browser agent. The analysis examines where current…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Aram Vardanyan

Browser-use agents are widely used for everyday tasks. They enable automated interaction with web pages through structured DOM based interfaces or vision language models operating on page screenshots. However, web pages often change between…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Linxi Jiang , Zhijie Liu , Haotian Luo , Zhiqiang Lin

Malicious URLs persistently threaten the cybersecurity ecosystem, by either deceiving users into divulging private data or distributing harmful payloads to infiltrate host systems. Gaining timely insights into the current state of this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Ye Tian , Yanqiu Yu , Jianguo Sun , Yanbin Wang

The rapid digitalization of banking services has significantly transformed financial transactions, offering enhanced convenience and efficiency for consumers. However, the increasing reliance on digital banking has also exposed financial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Md. Waliullah , Md Zahin Hossain George , Md Tarek Hasan , Md Khorshed Alam , Mosa Sumaiya Khatun Munira , Noor Alam Siddiqui

Malicious web domains represent a big threat to web users' privacy and security. With so much freely available data on the Internet about web domains' popularity and performance, this study investigated the performance of well-known machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Zhongyi Hu , Raymond Chiong , Ilung Pranata , Willy Susilo , Yukun Bao

With the increasingly rapid development of new malicious computer software by bad faith actors, both commercial and research-oriented antivirus detectors have come to make greater use of machine learning tactics to identify such malware as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Hamish Spencer , Wei Wang , Ruoxi Sun , Minhui Xue

Most research into anti-phishing defence assumes that the mal-actor is attempting to harvest end-users' personally identifiable information or login credentials and, hence, focuses on detecting phishing websites. The defences for this type…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Trevor Wood , Vitor Basto-Fernandes , Eerke Boiten , Iryna Yevseyeva

In recent years, the AI wave has grown rapidly in software development. Even novice developers can now design and generate complex framework-constrained software systems based on their high-level requirements with the help of Large Language…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yue Liu , Zhenchang Xing , Shidong Pan , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn

The "eternal war in cache" has reached browsers, with multiple cache-based side-channel attacks and countermeasures being suggested. A common approach for countermeasures is to disable or restrict JavaScript features deemed essential for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Anatoly Shusterman , Ayush Agarwal , Sioli O'Connell , Daniel Genkin , Yossi Oren , Yuval Yarom

Evasion techniques allow malicious code to never be observed. This impacts significantly the detection capabilities of tools that rely on either dynamic or static analysis, as they never get to process the malicious code. The dynamic nature…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Nikolaos Pantelaios , Alexandros Kapravelos

The never-ending barrage of malicious emails, such as spam and phishing, is of constant concern for users, who rely on countermeasures such as email filters to keep the intended recipient safe. Modern email filters, one of our few defence…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Lucas Betts , Robert Biddle , Danielle Lottridge , Giovanni Russello

Browser fingerprinting defenses have historically focused on detecting JavaScript(JS)-based tracking techniques. However, the widespread adoption of WebAssembly (WASM) introduces a potential blind spot, as adversaries can convert JS to…

Organised crime, as well as individual criminals, is benefiting from the protection of private browsers provide to those who would carry out illegal activity, such as money laundering, drug trafficking, the online exchange of child-abuse…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-08 Alan Reed , Mark Scanlon , Nhien-An Le-Khac

Now-a-days, cyberattacks are increasing at an unprecedented rate. Phishing is a social engineering attack which has a massive global impact, destroying the financial and economic value of corporations, government sectors and individuals. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Kalaharsha Pagadala

Related-domain attackers control a sibling domain of their target web application, e.g., as the result of a subdomain takeover. Despite their additional power over traditional web attackers, related-domain attackers received only limited…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Marco Squarcina , Mauro Tempesta , Lorenzo Veronese , Stefano Calzavara , Matteo Maffei

Background: Cyber offences, such as hacking, malware creation and distribution, and online fraud, present a substantial threat to organizations attempting to safeguard their data and information. By understanding the evolving…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Claudia Peersman , Emma Williams , Matthew Edwards , Awais Rashid

With web applications becoming a preferred method of presenting graphical user interfaces to users, software vulnerabilities affecting web applications are becoming more and more prevalent and devastating. Some of these vulnerabilities,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-14 Michael Flanders

With the wave of high-profile supply chain attacks targeting development and client organizations, supply chain security has recently become a focal point. As a result, there is an elevated discussion on securing the development environment…