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The emergence of foundation models, such as large language models (LLMs) GPT-4 and text-to-image models DALL-E, has opened up numerous possibilities across various domains. People can now use natural language (i.e. prompts) to communicate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Yu Cheng , Jieshan Chen , Qing Huang , Zhenchang Xing , Xiwei Xu , Qinghua Lu

The growing use of Generative AI (GenAI) conversational search tools has raised concerns about their effects on people's metacognitive engagement, critical thinking, and learning. As people increasingly rely on GenAI to perform tasks such…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Anjali Singh , Zhitong Guan , Soo Young Rieh

The rapid emergence of generative AI tools is transforming the way software is developed. Consequently, software engineering education must adapt to ensure that students not only learn traditional development methods but also understand how…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Uwe M. Borghoff , Mark Minas , Jannis Schopp

Effective prompting of generative AI is challenging for many users, particularly in expressing context for comprehension tasks such as explaining spreadsheet formulas, Python code, and text passages. Prompt middleware aims to address this…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Ian Drosos , Jack Williams , Advait Sarkar , Nicholas Wilson

Background and Context. The increasing integration of large language models (LLMs) in computing education presents an emerging challenge in understanding how students use LLMs and craft prompts to solve computational tasks. Prior research…

Prompt engineering is crucial for achieving reliable and effective outputs from large language models (LLMs), but its design requires specialized knowledge of prompting techniques and a deep understanding of target tasks. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yohei Ikenoue , Hitomi Tashiro , Shigeru Kuroyanagi

The introductory programming sequence has been the focus of much research in computing education. The recent advent of several viable and freely-available AI-driven code generation tools present several immediate opportunities and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Brett A. Becker , Paul Denny , James Finnie-Ansley , Andrew Luxton-Reilly , James Prather , Eddie Antonio Santos

GitHub Copilot is an artificial intelligence model for automatically generating source code from natural language problem descriptions. Since June 2022, Copilot has officially been available for free to all students as a plug-in to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Paul Denny , Viraj Kumar , Nasser Giacaman

Large language models make it easy for students to delegate writing, analysis, and problem-solving to automated systems, bypassing the effortful engagement that produces lasting understanding. We introduce a practical framework that helps…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Philipp Haindl , Oliver Eigner , Peter Kieseberg

AI-powered education technologies can support students and teachers in computer science education. However, with the recent developments in generative AI, and especially the increasingly emerging popularity of ChatGPT, the effectiveness of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Nora Dunder , Saga Lundborg , Olga Viberg , Jacqueline Wong

Prompting foundation models (FMs) like large language models (LLMs) have enabled new AI-powered software features (e.g., text summarization) that previously were only possible by fine-tuning FMs. Now, developers are embedding prompts in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Jenny T. Liang , Chenyang Yang , Agnia Sergeyuk , Travis D. Breaux , Brad A. Myers

The advent of generative AI models holds tremendous potential for aiding teachers in the generation of pedagogical materials. However, numerous knowledge gaps concerning the behavior of these models obfuscate the generation of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Alex Dornburg , Kristin Davin

Creativity is a valuable human skill that has long been augmented through both analog and digital tools. Recent progress in generative AI, such as image generation, provides a disruptive technological solution to supporting human creativity…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Daniel Hove Paludan , Julie Fredsgård , Kasper Patrick Bährentz , Ilhan Aslan , Niels van Berkel

Generative AI systems have revolutionized human interaction by enabling natural language-based coding and problem solving. However, the inherent ambiguity of natural language often leads to imprecise instructions, forcing users to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Fabrizio Marozzo

This research investigates the use of customized GPT models to enhance prompting proficiency among architecture students when generating AI-driven images. Prompt engineering is increasingly essential in architectural education due to the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Juan David Salazar Rodriguez , Sam Conrad Joyce , Julfendi

Programming skills are typically developed through completing various hands-on exercises. Such programming problems can be contextualized to students' interests and cultural backgrounds. Prior research in educational psychology has…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Evanfiya Logacheva , Arto Hellas , James Prather , Sami Sarsa , Juho Leinonen

As generative AI systems rapidly improve, a key question emerges: how do users adapt to these changes, and when does such adaptation matter for realizing performance gains? Drawing on theories of dynamic capabilities and IT complements, we…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Eaman Jahani , Benjamin S. Manning , Joe Zhang , Hong-Yi TuYe , Mohammed Alsobay , Christos Nicolaides , Siddharth Suri , David Holtz

Programming is essential to modern scientific research, yet most scientists report inadequate training for the software development their work demands. Generative AI tools capable of code generation may support scientific programmers, but…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Gabrielle O'Brien , Alexis Parker , Nasir Eisty , Jeffrey Carver

The abilities of Generative-Artificial Intelligence (AI) to produce real-time, sophisticated responses across diverse contexts has promised a huge potential in physics education, particularly in providing customized feedback. In this study,…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-08-14 Amogh Sirnoorkar , N. Sanjay Rebello

We present a method for generating large numbers of isomorphic physics problems using generative AI services such as ChatGPT, through prompt chaining and tool use. This approach enables precise control over structural variations-such as…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-10-16 Zhongzhou Chen