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While synthetic data hold great promise for privacy protection, their statistical analysis poses significant challenges that necessitate innovative solutions. The use of deep generative models (DGMs) for synthetic data generation is known…

This work presents Causal Drift Generator (CaDrift), a time-dependent synthetic data generator framework based on Structural Causal Models (SCMs). The framework produces a virtually infinite combination of data streams with controlled shift…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Eduardo V. L. Barboza , Jean Paul Barddal , Robert Sabourin , Rafael M. O. Cruz

Time series generation is widely used in real-world applications such as simulation, data augmentation, and hypothesis testing. Recently, diffusion models have emerged as the de facto approach to time series generation, enabling diverse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Jinseong Park , Seungyun Lee , Woojin Jeong , Yujin Choi , Jaewook Lee

Score-based diffusion models have emerged as one of the most promising frameworks for deep generative modelling. In this work we conduct a systematic comparison and theoretical analysis of different approaches to learning conditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Georgios Batzolis , Jan Stanczuk , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb , Christian Etmann

Recent advances in generative artificial intelligence have enabled the creation of high-quality synthetic data that closely mimics real-world data. This paper explores the adaptation of the Stable Diffusion 2.0 model for generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Eugenio Lomurno , Matteo D'Oria , Matteo Matteucci

Training deep learning methods on small time series datasets that also include corrupted samples is challenging. Diffusion models have shown to be effective to generate realistic and synthetic data, and correct corrupted samples through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Julian Ripper , Ousama Esbel , Rafael Fietzek , Max Mühlhäuser , Thomas Kreutz

In this paper, we consider the conditional generation problem by guiding off-the-shelf unconditional diffusion models with differentiable loss functions in a plug-and-play fashion. While previous research has primarily focused on balancing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Youyuan Zhang , Zehua Liu , Zenan Li , Zhaoyu Li , James J. Clark , Xujie Si

We demonstrate how conditional generation from diffusion models can be used to tackle a variety of realistic tasks in the production of music in 44.1kHz stereo audio with sampling-time guidance. The scenarios we consider include…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Mark Levy , Bruno Di Giorgi , Floris Weers , Angelos Katharopoulos , Tom Nickson

Estimating the counterfactual outcome of treatment is essential for decision-making in public health and clinical science, among others. Often, treatments are administered in a sequential, time-varying manner, leading to an exponentially…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-16 Shenghao Wu , Wenbin Zhou , Minshuo Chen , Shixiang Zhu

Generative modeling has been used frequently in synthetic data generation. Fairness and privacy are two big concerns for synthetic data. Although Recent GAN [\cite{goodfellow2014generative}] based methods show good results in preserving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Weijie Xu , Jinjin Zhao , Francis Iannacci , Bo Wang

The design of aerodynamic shapes, such as airfoils, has traditionally required significant computational resources and relied on predefined design parameters, which limit the potential for novel shape synthesis. In this work, we introduce a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Reid Graves , Amir Barati Farimani

Modern computer vision systems increasingly encounter performance limitations in data-scarce domains, where collecting large-scale, high-quality labeled data is costly or impractical. While controllable diffusion models enable scalable…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Yukang Shen

Mixed reality applications require tracking the user's full-body motion to enable an immersive experience. However, typical head-mounted devices can only track head and hand movements, leading to a limited reconstruction of full-body motion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Angela Castillo , Maria Escobar , Guillaume Jeanneret , Albert Pumarola , Pablo Arbeláez , Ali Thabet , Artsiom Sanakoyeu

Conditional Flow Matching (CFM) models can generate high-quality samples from a non-informative prior, but they can be slow, often needing hundreds of network evaluations (NFE). To address this, we propose Implicit Dynamical Flow Fusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Mohammad R. Rezaei , Milos R. Popovic , Milad Lankarany , Rahul G. Krishnan

Federated semi-supervised learning (FSSL) is primarily challenged by two factors: the scarcity of labeled data across clients and the non-independent and identically distribution (non-IID) nature of data among clients. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Zhongwei Wang , Tong Wu , Zhiyong Chen , Liang Qian , Yin Xu , Meixia Tao

Despite the success of generating high-quality images given any text prompts by diffusion-based generative models, prior works directly generate the entire images, but cannot provide object-wise manipulation capability. To support wider…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Runhui Huang , Kaixin Cai , Jianhua Han , Xiaodan Liang , Renjing Pei , Guansong Lu , Songcen Xu , Wei Zhang , Hang Xu

Diffusion models, as a type of generative model, have achieved impressive results in generating images and videos conditioned on textual conditions. However, the generation process of diffusion models involves denoising dozens of steps to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Hui Zhang , Zuxuan Wu , Zhen Xing , Jie Shao , Yu-Gang Jiang

Generative models are increasingly used to augment medical imaging datasets for fairer AI. Yet a key assumption often goes unexamined: that generators themselves produce equally high-quality images across demographic groups. Models trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Mahmoud Ibrahim , Bart Elen , Chang Sun , Gokhan Ertaylan , Michel Dumontier

Synthetic data has made tremendous strides in various commercial settings including finance, healthcare, and virtual reality. We present a broad overview of prototypical applications of synthetic data in the financial sector and in…

Many data-driven modules in smart grid rely on access to high-quality power flow data; however, real-world data are often limited due to privacy and operational constraints. This paper presents a physics-informed generative framework based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Junfei Wang , Darshana Upadhyay , Marzia Zaman , Pirathayini Srikantha