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Large Language Models (LLMs) have rapidly become important tools in Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI), enabling new ways to analyze data, treat patients, and conduct research. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of LLM…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Huizi Yu , Lizhou Fan , Lingyao Li , Jiayan Zhou , Zihui Ma , Lu Xian , Wenyue Hua , Sijia He , Mingyu Jin , Yongfeng Zhang , Ashvin Gandhi , Xin Ma

Metadata play a crucial role in ensuring the findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability of datasets. This paper investigates the potential of large language models (LLMs), specifically GPT-4, to improve adherence to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Sowmya S. Sundaram , Benjamin Solomon , Avani Khatri , Anisha Laumas , Purvesh Khatri , Mark A. Musen

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their potential in delivering accurate answers to questions about world knowledge. Despite this, existing benchmarks for evaluating LLMs in healthcare predominantly focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zheheng Luo , Chenhan Yuan , Qianqian Xie , Sophia Ananiadou

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance on many tasks in different domains. However, their performance in closed-book biomedical machine reading comprehension (MRC) has not been evaluated in depth. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Shubham Vatsal , Ayush Singh

In recent years, there has been substantial progress in using pretrained Language Models (LMs) on a range of tasks aimed at improving the understanding of biomedical texts. Nonetheless, existing biomedical LLMs show limited comprehension of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Andrey Sakhovskiy , Elena Tutubalina

Large language models (LLMs) have immense potential to make information more accessible, particularly in medicine, where complex medical jargon can hinder patient comprehension of clinical notes. We developed a patient-facing tool using…

In recent years, there is strong emphasis on mining medical data using machine learning techniques. A common problem is to obtain a noiseless set of textual documents, with a relevant content for the research question, and developing a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Christian Internò , Eloisa Ambrosini

In recent years, the application of Large Language Models (LLMs) in healthcare has shown significant promise in improving the accessibility and dissemination of medical knowledge. This paper presents a detailed study of various LLMs trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Haoran Yu , Chang Yu , Zihan Wang , Dongxian Zou , Hao Qin

Objective: Large language models (LLMs) are attracting increasing interest in healthcare. This commentary evaluates the potential of LLMs to improve clinical prediction models (CPMs) for diagnostic and prognostic tasks, with a focus on…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Yusuf Yildiz , Goran Nenadic , Meghna Jani , David A. Jenkins

BACKGROUND: Medical large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in answering medical examinations. However, the extent to which this high performance is transferable to medical questions in Spanish and from a Latin…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco , Jesus Lovón Melgarejo , Manuel Castillo-Cara , Gusseppe Bravo-Rocca

Reading and understanding text is one important component in computer aided diagnosis in clinical medicine, also being a major research problem in the field of NLP. In this work, we introduce a question-answering task called MedQA to study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-01 Xiao Zhang , Ji Wu , Zhiyang He , Xien Liu , Ying Su

This paper explores the potential of using Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate the evaluation of responses in medical Question and Answer (Q\&A) systems, a crucial form of Natural Language Processing. Traditionally, human evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Jack Krolik , Herprit Mahal , Feroz Ahmad , Gaurav Trivedi , Bahador Saket

Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to transform medicine, but real-world clinical scenarios contain extraneous information that can hinder performance. The rise of assistive technologies like ambient dictation, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Krithik Vishwanath , Anton Alyakin , Daniel Alexander Alber , Jin Vivian Lee , Douglas Kondziolka , Eric Karl Oermann

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in various NLP tasks, but they still suffer from challenges such as hallucination and weak numerical reasoning. To overcome these challenges, external tools can be used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Yuchen Zhuang , Yue Yu , Kuan Wang , Haotian Sun , Chao Zhang

Biomedical semantic question answering rooted in information retrieval can play a crucial role in keeping up to date with vast, rapidly evolving and ever-growing biomedical literature. A robust system can help researchers, healthcare…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Shashank Verma , Fengyi Jiang , Xiangning Xue

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as transformative tools in the healthcare sector, demonstrating remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and generation. However, their proficiency in numerical reasoning,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Arjun R. Malghan

Biomedical literature and clinical narratives pose multifaceted challenges for natural language understanding, from precise entity extraction and document synthesis to multi-step diagnostic reasoning. This study extends a unified benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Yu Hou , Zaifu Zhan , Min Zeng , Yifan Wu , Shuang Zhou , Rui Zhang

Language Models (LMs) have performed well on biomedical natural language processing applications. In this study, we conducted some experiments to use prompt methods to extract knowledge from LMs as new knowledge Bases (LMs as KBs). However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Zonghai Yao , Yi Cao , Zhichao Yang , Vijeta Deshpande , Hong Yu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown potential in biomedical applications, leading to efforts to fine-tune them on domain-specific data. However, the effectiveness of this approach remains unclear. This study evaluates the performance of…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various specialist domains and have been integrated into high-stakes areas such as medicine. However, as existing medical-related benchmarks rarely stress-test…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Lin Yang , Yuancheng Yang , Xu Wang , Changkun Liu , Haihua Yang