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Physical interactions between particles are the result of the exchange of gauge bosons. Human interactions are mediated by the exchange of messages, goods, money, promises, hostilities, etc. While in the physical world interactions and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-02-17 Stefan Thurner , Benedikt Fuchs

Behavioural differences may arise in the absence of genetic or environmental variation. Chaotic dynamics may influence behavioural development, and so this among-individual variation. We discuss methods and experimental designs to test this…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2018-03-23 David N Fisher , Matthew Brachmann , Joseph B Burant

Seasonal variation in environmental variables, and in rates of contact among individuals, are fundamental drivers of infectious disease dynamics. Unlike most periodically-forced physical systems, for which the precise pattern of forcing is…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2019-08-09 Irena Papst , David J. D. Earn

In the spirit of Richardson's original (1948) study of the statistics of deadly conflicts, we study the frequency and severity of terrorist attacks worldwide since 1968. We show that these events are uniformly characterized by the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 Aaron Clauset , Maxwell Young , Kristian Skrede Gleditsch

The recent availability of electronic datasets containing large volumes of communication data has made it possible to study human behavior on a larger scale than ever before. From this, it has been discovered that across a diverse range of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-08 Gordon J Ross , Tim Jones

The causal mechanism between climate and political violence is fraught with complex mechanisms. Current quantitative causal models rely on one or more assumptions: (1) the climate drivers persistently generate conflict, (2) the causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Schyler C. Sun , Bailu Jin , Zhuangkun Wei , Weisi Guo

A primary goal of social science research is to understand how latent group memberships predict the dynamic process of network evolution. In the modeling of international militarized conflicts, for instance, scholars hypothesize that…

Applications · Statistics 2021-10-26 Santiago Olivella , Tyler Pratt , Kosuke Imai

In this monograph, we introduce a new model in population dynamics that describes two species sharing the same environmental resources in a situation of open hostility. The interactions among these populations are described not in terms of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-07-30 Elisa Affili , Serena Dipierro , Luca Rossi , Enrico Valdinoci

Conflict destabilizes social interactions and impedes cooperation at multiple scales of biological organization. Of fundamental interest are the causes of turbulent periods of conflict. We analyze conflict dynamics in a monkey society model…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2010-06-30 Simon DeDeo , David C. Krakauer , Jessica C. Flack

Major revolts have recently erupted in parts of the Middle East with substantial international repercussions. Predicting, coping with and winning those revolts have become a grave problem for many regimes and for world powers. We propose a…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2011-06-23 Michael P. Atkinson , Alexander Gutfraind , Moshe Kress

Emergence and causality are two fundamental concepts for understanding complex systems. They are interconnected. On one hand, emergence refers to the phenomenon where macroscopic properties cannot be solely attributed to the cause of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-02-27 Bing Yuan , Zhang Jiang , Aobo Lyu , Jiayun Wu , Zhipeng Wang , Mingzhe Yang , Kaiwei Liu , Muyun Mou , Peng Cui

Polarization is a problem in modern society. Understanding how opinions evolve through social interactions is crucial for addressing conditions that lead to polarization, consensus, or opinion diversity. Classical opinion dynamics models…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-03-06 Brian Mintz , Daniel Simonson , Dominik Wodarz , Feng Fu , Natalia L. Komarova

Democracies employ elections at various scales to select officials at the corresponding levels of administration. The geographical distribution of political opinion, the policy issues delegated to each level, and the multilevel interactions…

Applications · Statistics 2022-11-03 Sihao Huang , Alexander F. Siegenfeld , Andrew Gelman

We analyze the database prepared by Brecke (Brecke 2011) for violent conflict, covering some 600 years of human history. After normalizing the data for the global human population, we find that the number of casualties tends to follow a…

Applications · Statistics 2019-02-12 Gianluca Martelloni , Francesca Di Patti , Ugo Bardi

Understanding the social conditions that tend to increase or decrease polarization is important for many reasons. We study a network-structured agent-based model of opinion dynamics, extending a model previously introduced by Flache and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-08-03 Matthew A. Turner , Paul E. Smaldino

Over the past decades much effort has been devoted towards understanding and forecasting natural hazards. However, earthquake forecasting skill is still very limited and remains a great scientific challenge. The limited earthquake…

Many causal processes have spatial and temporal dimensions. Yet the classic causal inference framework is not directly applicable when the treatment and outcome variables are generated by spatio-temporal point processes. We extend the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-09 Georgia Papadogeorgou , Kosuke Imai , Jason Lyall , Fan Li

We consider a model of adversarial dynamics consisting of three populations, labelled Blue, Green and Red, which evolve under a system of first order nonlinear differential equations. Red and Blue populations are adversaries and interact…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-09-01 Mathew Zuparic , Sergiy Shelyag , Maia Angelova , Ye Zhu , Alexander Kalloniatis

The recent availability of data for cities has allowed scientists to exhibit scalings which present themselves in the form of a power-law dependence with population of various socio-economical and structural indicators. We propose here a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-07-18 Rémi Louf , Marc Barthelemy

Empirical records of epidemics reveal that fluctuations are important factors for the spread and prevalence of infectious diseases. The exact manner in which fluctuations affect spreading dynamics remains poorly known. Recent analytical and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-05-26 Gilberto M. Nakamura , Alexandre S. Martinez