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Related papers: Optimal Policy Choices Under Uncertainty

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Off-policy evaluation can leverage logged data to estimate the effectiveness of new policies in e-commerce, search engines, media streaming services, or automatic diagnostic tools in healthcare. However, the performance of baseline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Daniel Guzman-Olivares , Philipp Schmidt , Jacek Golebiowski , Artur Bekasov

We revisit empirical Bayes discrimination detection, focusing on uncertainty arising from both partial identification and sampling variability. While prior work has mostly focused on partial identification, we find that some empirical…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-08-19 Jiaying Gu , Nikolaos Ignatiadis , Azeem M. Shaikh

When predictions are performative, the choice of which predictor to deploy influences the distribution of future observations. The overarching goal in learning under performativity is to find a predictor that has low \emph{performative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Licong Lin , Tijana Zrnic

Proper quantification of predictive uncertainty is essential for the use of machine learning in safety-critical applications. Various uncertainty measures have been proposed for this purpose, typically claiming superiority over other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Paul Hofman , Yusuf Sale , Eyke Hüllermeier

Selective labels are a common feature of consequential decision-making applications, referring to the lack of observed outcomes under one of the possible decisions. This paper reports work in progress on learning decision policies in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Dennis Wei

We consider a personalized pricing problem in which we have data consisting of feature information, historical pricing decisions, and binary realized demand. The goal is to perform off-policy evaluation for a new personalized pricing policy…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-27 Adam N. Elmachtoub , Vishal Gupta , Yunfan Zhao

The Bayesian approach to data analysis provides a powerful way to handle uncertainty in all observations, model parameters, and model structure using probability theory. Probabilistic programming languages make it easier to specify and fit…

We study allocation problems without monetary transfers where agents have correlated types, i.e., hold private information about one another. Such peer information is relevant in various settings, including science funding, allocation of…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-03-21 Axel Niemeyer , Justus Preusser

This paper studies policy learning for continuous treatments from observational data. Continuous treatments present more significant challenges than discrete ones because population welfare may need nonparametric estimation, and policy…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-02 Chunrong Ai , Yue Fang , Haitian Xie

Practitioners making decisions based on causal effects typically ignore structural uncertainty. We analyze when this uncertainty is consequential enough to warrant methodological solutions (Bayesian model averaging over competing causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Maurits Kaptein

The autonomous systems need to decide how to react to the changes at runtime efficiently. The ability to rigorously analyze the environment and the system together is theoretically possible by the model-driven approaches; however, the model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Melika Dastranj , Mehran Alidoost Nia , Mehdi Kargahi

Searching the space of policies directly for the optimal policy has been one popular method for solving partially observable reinforcement learning problems. Typically, with each change of the target policy, its value is estimated from the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Leonid Peshkin , Christian R. Shelton

In a sequential decision-making problem, off-policy evaluation estimates the expected cumulative reward of a target policy using logged trajectory data generated from a different behavior policy, without execution of the target policy.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Jie Wang , Rui Gao , Hongyuan Zha

The quality of consequences in a decision making problem under (severe) uncertainty must often be compared among different targets (goals, objectives) simultaneously. In addition, the evaluations of a consequence's performance under the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Christoph Jansen , Georg Schollmeyer , Thomas Augustin

Decision makers often need to rely on imperfect probabilistic forecasts. While average performance metrics are typically available, it is difficult to assess the quality of individual forecasts and the corresponding utilities. To convey…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-03 Shengjia Zhao , Stefano Ermon

Model-based reinforcement learning has the potential to be more sample efficient than model-free approaches. However, existing model-based methods are vulnerable to model bias, which leads to poor generalization and asymptotic performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Tung-Long Vuong , Kenneth Tran

We develop an axiomatic framework to evaluate income distributions from the perspective of an opportunity-egalitarian social planner. Building on a formal link with the literature on decision theory under ambiguity, we characterize a class…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-03-31 T. Wienand , B. Magdalou , R. Nock , P. Hufe

Economists often estimate economic models on data and use the point estimates as a stand-in for the truth when studying the model's implications for optimal decision-making. This practice ignores model ambiguity, exposes the decision…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-10-07 Maximilian Blesch , Philipp Eisenhauer

We study the problem of eliciting the preferences of a decision-maker through a moderate number of pairwise comparison queries to make them a high quality recommendation for a specific problem. We are motivated by applications in high…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-12-09 Phebe Vayanos , Yingxiao Ye , Duncan McElfresh , John Dickerson , Eric Rice

Policy decisions often depend on evidence generated elsewhere. We take a Bayesian decision-theoretic approach to choosing where to experiment to optimize external validity. We frame external validity through a policy lens, developing a…