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We introduce an efficient and versatile quantum teleportation protocol for specific types of n-qubit entangled states. By employing a partially entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state as the quantum channel and an optimal Positive…

Entanglement routing establishes remote entanglement connection between two arbitrary nodes, which is one of the most important functions in quantum networks. The existing routing mechanisms mainly improve the robustness and throughput…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-23 Jian Li , Mingjun Wang , Qidong Jia , Kaiping Xue , Nenghai Yu , Qibin Sun , Jun Lu

We consider problems of distributing high-fidelity entangled states across nodes of a quantum network. We consider a repeater-based network architecture with entanglement swapping (fusion) operations for generating long-distance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-25 Xiaojie Fan , Yukun Yang , Himanshu Gupta , C. R. Ramakrishnan

Quantum repeater networks distribute entanglement over lossy links while many users share a limited pool of entangled pairs. Most existing routing schemes either always use a single best path or rely on global optimizations that are hard to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Ankit Mishra , Kang Hao Cheong

Quantum networks are expected to enhance distributed quantum computing and quantum communication over long distances while providing security dependent upon physical effects rather than mathematical assumptions. Through simulation, we show…

A quantum internet aims at harnessing networked quantum technologies, namely by distributing bipartite entanglement between distant nodes. However, multipartite entanglement between the nodes may empower the quantum internet for additional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-13 Luís Bugalho , Bruno C. Coutinho , Francisco A. Monteiro , Yasser Omar

Quantum key distribution (QKD) which enables information-theoretically security is now heading towards quantum secure networks. It requires high-performance and cost-effective protocols while increasing the number of users. Unfortunately,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-07 Yiming Bian , Yi-Chen Zhang , Chao Zhou , Song Yu , Zhengyu Li , Hong Guo

The way a new type of state called a hybrid state, which contains more than one degree of freedom, is used in many practical applications of quantum communication tasks with lesser amount of resources. Similarly, our aim is here to perform…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-23 Mitali Sisodia , Manoj Kumar Mandal , Binayak S. Choudhury

In quantum networks, a set of entangled states distributed over multiple, alternative, distinct paths between a pair of source-destination nodes can be purified to obtain a higher fidelity entangled state between the nodes. This multipath…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Rajni Bala , Md Sohel Mondal , Siddhartha Santra

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) networks enable unconditionally secure key exchange using quantum mechanical principles. However, routing cryptographic keys across multi-hop quantum networks introduces challenges unique to quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Ivan Cvitic , Dragan Perakovic , Armando Nolasco Pinto

Conventional Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) requires the transmission of multiple qubits equivalent to the length of the key. As quantum networks are still in their infancy thus, they are expected to have a limited capacity, necessitating…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Tasdiqul Islam , Engin Arslan

We investigate two-party quantum teleportation through noisy channels for multi-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states and find which state loses less quantum information in the process. The dynamics of states is described by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-08-12 Pakhshan Espoukeh , Pouria Pedram

We introduce multipartite entanglement distribution protocols that use a quantum switch to deliver stabilizer states to a number of remote end users. As in existing schemes, the first step in our protocols involves Bell pair generation…

We generalize the recently proposed Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) tripartite protocol [A. Galiautdinov, J. M. Martinis, Phys. Rev. A 78, 010305(R) (2008)] to fully connected networks of weakly coupled qubits interacting by way of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Andrei Galiautdinov , Mark W. Coffey , Ron Deiotte

Distributed quantum entanglement plays a crucial role in realizing networks that connect quantum devices. However, sharing entanglement between distant nodes by means of photons is a challenging process primary due to unavoidable losses in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-27 Hikaru Shimizu , Wojciech Roga , David Elkouss , Masahiro Takeoka

The Quantum Internet, a network of quantum-enabled infrastructure, represents the next frontier in telecommunications, promising capabilities that cannot be attained by classical counterparts. A crucial step in realizing such large-scale…

Transmitting unknown quantum states to distant locations is crucial for distributed quantum information protocols. The seminal quantum teleportation scheme achieves this feat while requiring prior maximal entanglement between the sender and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-25 Arkaprabha Ghosal , Jatin Ghai , Tanmay Saha , Sibasish Ghosh , Mir Alimuddin

The development of large-scale quantum communication networks necessitates the efficient distribution of quantum states to enable advanced cryptographic applications and distributed tasks. Multipartite entanglement is a key resource in many…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-24 Janka Memmen , Anna Pappa

A quantum network distributes quantum entanglements between remote nodes, and is key to many applications in secure communication, quantum sensing and distributed quantum computing. This paper explores the fundamental trade-off between the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Huayue Gu , Zhouyu Li , Ruozhou Yu , Xiaojian Wang , Fangtong Zhou , Jianqing Liu , Guoliang Xue

As quantum devices continue to scale, distributed quantum computing emerges as a promising strategy for executing large-scale tasks across modular quantum processors. A central challenge in this paradigm is verifying the correctness of…