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Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) exhibit higher energy efficiency compared to Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) due to their unique spike-driven mechanism. Additionally, SNN possess a crucial characteristic, namely the ability to process…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Huaxu He

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are a promising framework for event-driven temporal processing. Prior work has improved temporal modeling through richer neuron dynamics and network-level mechanisms such as recurrence and delays, but it…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jongmin Choi , Joon Son Chung

The spiking neural network (SNN), as a promising brain-inspired computational model with binary spike information transmission mechanism, rich spatially-temporal dynamics, and event-driven characteristics, has received extensive attention.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Yufei Guo , Xuhui Huang , Zhe Ma

A fundamental feature of learning in animals is the "ability to forget" that allows an organism to perceive, model and make decisions from disparate streams of information and adapt to changing environments. Against this backdrop, we…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Priyadarshini Panda , Jason M. Allred , Shriram Ramanathan , Kaushik Roy

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are efficient computation models to perform spatio-temporal pattern recognition on {resource}- and {power}-constrained platforms. SNNs executed on neuromorphic hardware can further reduce energy consumption of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Adarsha Balaji , Anup Das

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have recently emerged as a prominent neural computing paradigm. However, the typical shallow SNN architectures have limited capacity for expressing complex representations while training deep SNNs using input…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-03-26 Chankyu Lee , Syed Shakib Sarwar , Priyadarshini Panda , Gopalakrishnan Srinivasan , Kaushik Roy

Starting with small and simple concepts, and gradually introducing complex and difficult concepts is the natural process of human learning. Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) aim to mimic the way humans process information, but current SNNs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Lingling Tang , Jiangtao Hu , Hua Yu , Surui Liu , Jielei Chu

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) provide an energy-efficient solution by utilizing the spike-based and sparse nature of biological systems. Since the advent of Transformers, SNNs have struggled to compete with artificial networks on long…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Yan Zhong , Ruoyu Zhao , Chao Wang , Qinghai Guo , Jianguo Zhang , Zhichao Lu , Luziwei Leng

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) transmit information through discrete spikes, which performs well in processing spatial-temporal information. Due to the non-differentiable characteristic, there still exist difficulties in designing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Dongcheng Zhao , Yi Zeng , Yang Li

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a promising, biologically inspired approach for processing spatiotemporal data, particularly for time series forecasting. However, conventional neuron models like the Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (LIF)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Shibo Feng , Wanjin Feng , Xingyu Gao , Peilin Zhao , Zhiqi Shen

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) employing unsupervised learning methods inspired by neural plasticity are expected to be a new framework for artificial intelligence. In this study, we investigated the effect of multiple types of neural…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Shinnosuke Touda , Hirotsugu Okuno

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are energy-efficient and biologically plausible, ideal for embedded and security-critical systems, yet their adversarial robustness remains open. Existing adversarial attacks often overlook SNNs' bio-plausible…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Lingxin Jin , Wei Jiang , Maregu Assefa Habtie , Letian Chen , Jinyu Zhan , Xingzhi Zhou , Lin Zuo , Naoufel Werghi

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are distinguished from Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for their complex neuronal dynamics and sparse binary activations (spikes) inspired by the biological neural system. Traditional neuron models use…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Peng Xue , Wei Fang , Zhengyu Ma , Zihan Huang , Zhaokun Zhou , Yonghong Tian , Timothée Masquelier , Huihui Zhou

In the reinforcement learning (RL) tasks, the ability to predict receiving reward in the near or more distant future means the ability to evaluate the current state as more or less close to the target state (labelled by the reward signal).…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Mikhail Kiselev

Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) are mathematical models in neuroscience to describe the dynamics among a set of neurons that interact with each other by firing instantaneous signals, a.k.a., spikes. Interestingly, a recent advance in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-11-22 Chi-Ning Chou , Kai-Min Chung , Chi-Jen Lu

Neuromorphic processors that implement Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) using mixed-signal analog/digital circuits represent a promising technology for closed-loop real-time processing of biosignals. As in biology, to minimize power…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-29 Rachel Sava , Elisa Donati , Giacomo Indiveri

Recent years have seen significant progress in developing spiking neural networks (SNNs) as a potential solution to the energy challenges posed by conventional artificial neural networks (ANNs). However, our theoretical understanding of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Duc Anh Nguyen , Ernesto Araya , Adalbert Fono , Gitta Kutyniok

For energy-efficient computation in specialized neuromorphic hardware, we present spiking neural coding, an instantiation of a family of artificial neural models grounded in the theory of predictive coding. This model, the first of its…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Alexander Ororbia

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) with event-based computation are promising brain-inspired models for energy-efficient applications on neuromorphic hardware. However, most supervised SNN training methods, such as conversion from artificial…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Mingqing Xiao , Qingyan Meng , Zongpeng Zhang , Yisen Wang , Zhouchen Lin

The timing of individual neuronal spikes is essential for biological brains to make fast responses to sensory stimuli. However, conventional artificial neural networks lack the intrinsic temporal coding ability present in biological…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Iulia M. Comsa , Krzysztof Potempa , Luca Versari , Thomas Fischbacher , Andrea Gesmundo , Jyrki Alakuijala