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Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) capture the information processing mechanism of the brain by taking advantage of spiking neurons, such as the Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (LIF) model neuron, which incorporates temporal dynamics and transmits…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Zexiang Yi , Jing Lian , Yunliang Qi , Zhaofei Yu , Huajin Tang , Yide Ma , Jizhao Liu

Despite recent progress in training spiking neural networks (SNNs) for classification, their application to continuous motor control remains limited. Here, we demonstrate that fully spiking architectures can be trained end-to-end to control…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Justus Huebotter , Pablo Lanillos , Marcel van Gerven , Serge Thill

Neurons communicate with downstream systems via sparse and incredibly brief electrical pulses, or spikes. Using these events, they control various targets such as neuromuscular units, neurosecretory systems, and other neurons in connected…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-17 Paolo Agliati , André Urbano , Pablo Lanillos , Nasir Ahmad , Marcel van Gerven , Sander Keemink

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are brain-inspired machine learning algorithms with merits such as biological plausibility and unsupervised learning capability. Previous works have shown that converting Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) into…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Sijia Lu , Feng Xu

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) operate with asynchronous discrete events (or spikes) which can potentially lead to higher energy-efficiency in neuromorphic hardware implementations. Many works have shown that an SNN for inference can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Nitin Rathi , Gopalakrishnan Srinivasan , Priyadarshini Panda , Kaushik Roy

Neuromorphic computing and spiking neural networks (SNN) mimic the behavior of biological systems and have drawn interest for their potential to perform cognitive tasks with high energy efficiency. However, some factors such as temporal…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Haowen Fang , Brady Taylor , Ziru Li , Zaidao Mei , Hai Li , Qinru Qiu

Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) are models for "realistic" neuronal computation, which makes them somehow different in scope from "ordinary" deep-learning models widely used in AI platforms nowadays. SNNs focus on timed latency (and possibly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Zhen Yao , Elisabetta De Maria , Robert De Simone

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are biology-inspired artificial neural networks (ANNs) that comprise of spiking neurons to process asynchronous discrete signals. While more efficient in power consumption and inference speed on the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Shikuang Deng , Shi Gu

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have emerged as a popular spatio-temporal computing paradigm for complex vision tasks. Recently proposed SNN training algorithms have significantly reduced the number of time steps (down to 1) for improved…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Gourav Datta , Zeyu Liu , Anni Li , Peter A. Beerel

Brain-inspired learning models attempt to mimic the cortical architecture and computations performed in the neurons and synapses constituting the human brain to achieve its efficiency in cognitive tasks. In this work, we present…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-03-21 Priyadarshini Panda , Gopalakrishnan Srinivasan , Kaushik Roy

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are capable of encoding and processing temporal information in a biologically plausible way. However, most existing SNN-based methods for image tasks do not fully exploit this feature. Moreover, they often…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Xuerui Qiu , Zheng Luan , Zhaorui Wang , Rui-Jie Zhu

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) process time-series data via internal event-driven neural dynamics. The energy consumption of an SNN depends on the number of spikes exchanged between neurons over the course of the input presentation.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jiechen Chen , Sangwoo Park , Osvaldo Simeone

Biological neurons communicate with a sparing exchange of pulses - spikes. It is an open question how real spiking neurons produce the kind of powerful neural computation that is possible with deep artificial neural networks, using only so…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-09-08 Davide Zambrano , Sander M. Bohte

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are largely inspired by biology and neuroscience and leverage ideas and theories to create fast and efficient learning systems. Spiking neuron models are adopted as core processing units in neuromorphic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Davide Liberato Manna , Alex Vicente Sola , Paul Kirkland , Trevor Bihl , Gaetano Di Caterina

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are distributed trainable systems whose computing elements, or neurons, are characterized by internal analog dynamics and by digital and sparse synaptic communications. The sparsity of the synaptic spiking…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-22 Hyeryung Jang , Osvaldo Simeone , Brian Gardner , André Grüning

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are distributed trainable systems whose computing elements, or neurons, are characterized by internal analog dynamics and by digital and sparse synaptic communications. The sparsity of the synaptic spiking…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Hyeryung Jang , Osvaldo Simeone , Brian Gardner , André Grüning

Understanding how the brain learns to compute functions reliably, efficiently and robustly with noisy spiking activity is a fundamental challenge in neuroscience. Most sensory and motor tasks can be described as dynamical systems and could…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-05-24 Sophie Denève , Alireza Alemi , Ralph Bourdoukan

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) possess energy-efficient potential due to event-based computation. However, supervised training of SNNs remains a challenge as spike activities are non-differentiable. Previous SNNs training methods can be…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Yunzhe Hao , Xuhui Huang , Meng Dong , Bo Xu

Neuromorphic computing has recently gained momentum with the emergence of various neuromorphic processors. As the field advances, there is an increasing focus on developing training methods that can effectively leverage the unique…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Sanaz Mahmoodi Takaghaj , Jack Sampson

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are promising candidates for low-power edge computing in domains such as wearable sensing and time-series analysis. A key neuronal parameter, the leaky time constant (LTC), governs temporal integration of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Chiu-Chang Cheng , Kapil Bhardwaj , Ya-Ning Chang , Sayani Majumdar , Chao-Hung Wang