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In multi-agent path finding (MAPF) the task is to find non-conflicting paths for multiple agents. In this paper we focus on finding suboptimal solutions for MAPF for the sum-of-costs variant. Recently, a SAT-based approached was developed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-07-04 Pavel Surynek , Ariel Felner , Roni Stern , Eli Boyarski

Multi-Agent Pathfinding (MAPF) is the problem of finding paths for multiple agents such that every agent reaches its goal and the agents do not collide. Most prior work on MAPF was on grids, assumed agents' actions have uniform duration,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-06-17 Anton Andreychuk , Konstantin Yakovlev , Dor Atzmon , Roni Stern

Finding near-optimal solutions for dense multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF) problems in real-time remains challenging even for state-of-the-art planners. To this end, we develop a hybrid framework that integrates a learned heuristic derived…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Rishabh Jain , Keisuke Okumura , Michael Amir , Amanda Prorok

The Meta-Agent Conflict-Based Search~(MA-CBS) is a recently proposed algorithm for the multi-agent path finding problem. The algorithm is an extension of Conflict-Based Search~(CBS), which automatically merges conflicting agents into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-10-27 David Tolpin

MAPF is a core coordination problem for large robot fleets in automated warehouses and logistics. Existing approaches are typically either open-loop planners, which generate fixed trajectories and struggle to handle disturbances, or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Jiarui Li , Federico Pecora , Runyu Zhang , Gioele Zardini

This paper addresses a variant of multi-agent path finding (MAPF) in continuous space and time. We present a new solving approach based on satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) to obtain makespan optimal solutions. The standard MAPF is a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Pavel Surynek

Avoiding collisions is the core problem in multi-agent navigation. In decentralized settings, when agents have limited communication and sensory capabilities, collisions are typically avoided in a reactive fashion, relying on local…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Stepan Dergachev , Konstantin Yakovlev

Conflict-Based Search (CBS) is a popular framework for solving the Multi-Agent Path Finding problem. Some of the conflicts incur a foreseeable conflict in one or both of the children nodes when splitting on them. This paper introduces a new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Lun Yang

While the study of unit-cost Multi-Agent Pathfinding (MAPF) problems has been popular, many real-world problems require continuous time and costs due to various movement models. In this context, this paper studies symmetry-breaking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Thayne T. Walker , Nathan R. Sturtevant , Ariel Felner

We consider multi-agent transport task problems where, e.g. in a factory setting, items have to be delivered from a given start to a goal pose while the delivering robots need to avoid collisions with each other on the floor. We introduce a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-02-07 Christian Henkel , Jannik Abbenseth , Marc Toussaint

Multi-Agent Combinatorial Path Finding (MCPF) seeks collision-free paths for multiple agents from their initial to goal locations, while visiting a set of intermediate target locations in the middle of the paths. MCPF is challenging as it…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Zhongqiang Ren , Anushtup Nandy , Sivakumar Rathinam , Howie Choset

Safe navigation is essential for autonomous systems operating in hazardous environments, especially when multiple agents must coordinate using only high-dimensional visual observations. While recent approaches successfully combine…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Viraj Parimi , Brian C. Williams

Multi-Agent Pathfinding (MAPF) plays a critical role in various domains. Traditional MAPF methods typically assume unit edge costs and single-timestep actions, which limit their applicability to real-world scenarios. MAPFR extends MAPF to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Hongkai Fan , Qinjing Xie , Bo Ouyang , Yaonan Wang , Zhi Yan , Jiawen He , Zheng Fang

Constraint Optimization Problems (COP) pose intricate challenges in combinatorial problems usually addressed through Branch and Bound (B\&B) methods, which involve maintaining priority queues and iteratively selecting branches to search for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Yingkai Xiao , Jingjin Liu , Hankz Hankui Zhuo

Multi-agent Pathfinding (MAPF) problem generally asks to find a set of conflict-free paths for a set of agents confined to a graph and is typically solved in a centralized fashion. Conversely, in this work, we investigate the decentralized…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Alexey Skrynnik , Anton Andreychuk , Maria Nesterova , Konstantin Yakovlev , Aleksandr Panov

Combined Target-Assignment and Path-Finding problem (TAPF) requires simultaneously assigning targets to agents and planning collision-free paths for agents from their start locations to their assigned targets. As a leading approach to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Yimin Tang , Zhongqiang Ren , Jiaoyang Li , Katia Sycara

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is the problem of finding a set of collision-free paths for multiple agents in a shared environment while minimizing the sum of travel time. Since solving the MAPF problem optimally is NP-hard, anytime…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Shao-Hung Chan , Zhe Chen , Dian-Lun Lin , Yue Zhang , Daniel Harabor , Tsung-Wei Huang , Sven Koenig , Thomy Phan

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) aims to arrange collision-free goal-reaching paths for a group of agents. Anytime MAPF solvers based on large neighborhood search (LNS) have gained prominence recently due to their flexibility and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Jiaqi Tan , Yudong Luo , Jiaoyang Li , Hang Ma

Solving the Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) problem optimally is known to be NP-Hard for both make-span and total arrival time minimization. While many algorithms have been developed to solve MAPF problems, there is no dominating optimal…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Jingyao Ren , Vikraman Sathiyanarayanan , Eric Ewing , Baskin Senbaslar , Nora Ayanian

Multi-agent path finding (MAPF) is the problem of moving agents to the goal vertex without collision. In the online MAPF problem, new agents may be added to the environment at any time, and the current agents have no information about…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Mingkai Tang , Boyi Liu , Yuanhang Li , Hongji Liu , Ming Liu , Lujia Wang