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Although large language models (LLM) have achieved remarkable performance, their enormous parameter counts hinder deployment on resource-constrained hardware. Low-rank compression can reduce both memory usage and computational demand, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Yu-Chen Lu , Chong-Yan Chen , Chi-Chih Chang , Yu-Fang Hu , Kai-Chiang Wu

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to their increased integration into mobile devices for personalized assistance, which enables LLMs to call external API functions to enhance their performance. However,…

Existing large language models (LLMs) can only afford fix-sized inputs due to the input length limit, preventing them from utilizing rich long-context information from past inputs. To address this, we propose a framework, Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Weizhi Wang , Li Dong , Hao Cheng , Xiaodong Liu , Xifeng Yan , Jianfeng Gao , Furu Wei

This paper introduces PowerInfer, a high-speed Large Language Model (LLM) inference engine on a personal computer (PC) equipped with a single consumer-grade GPU. The key principle underlying the design of PowerInfer is exploiting the high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Yixin Song , Zeyu Mi , Haotong Xie , Haibo Chen

Transformers have emerged as the backbone of large language models (LLMs). However, generation remains inefficient due to the need to store in memory a cache of key-value representations for past tokens, whose size scales linearly with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Piotr Nawrot , Adrian Łańcucki , Marcin Chochowski , David Tarjan , Edoardo M. Ponti

We propose a learning algorithm to design a light-weight neural multiplexer that given the input and computational resource requirements, calls the model that will consume the minimum compute resources for a successful inference. Mobile…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Amir Erfan Eshratifar , Massoud Pedram

In the realm of Large Language Model (LLM) inference, the inherent structure of transformer models coupled with the multi-GPU tensor parallelism strategy leads to a sequential execution of computation and communication. This results in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Bin Xiao , Lei Su

Augmented Large Language Models (LLMs) enhance the capabilities of standalone LLMs by integrating external data sources through API calls. In interactive LLM applications, efficient scheduling is crucial for maintaining low request…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Rana Shahout , Cong Liang , Shiji Xin , Qianru Lao , Yong Cui , Minlan Yu , Michael Mitzenmacher

Recurrent transducer models have emerged as a promising solution for speech recognition on the current and next generation smart devices. The transducer models provide competitive accuracy within a reasonable memory footprint alleviating…

Large Language Model (LLM) inference is increasingly constrained by GPU memory capacity rather than compute throughput, driven by growing model sizes and the linear growth of the key-value (KV) cache during autoregressive decoding. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Nikhil Gopal , Kostis Kaffes

The large number of parameters in Pretrained Language Models enhance their performance, but also make them resource-intensive, making it challenging to deploy them on commodity hardware like a single GPU. Due to the memory and power…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Zirui Liu , Qingquan Song , Qiang Charles Xiao , Sathiya Keerthi Selvaraj , Rahul Mazumder , Aman Gupta , Xia Hu

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) towards long-context reasoning and sparse architectures has pushed memory requirements far beyond the capacity of individual device HBM. While emerging supernode architectures offer…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Fangxin Liu , Qinghua Zhang , Hanjing Shen , Zhibo Liang , Li Jiang , Haibing Guan , Chong Bao , Xuefeng Jin

Lossless model compression holds tremendous promise for alleviating the memory and bandwidth bottlenecks in bit-exact Large Language Model (LLM) serving. However, existing approaches often result in substantial inference slowdowns due to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Ruibo Fan , Xiangrui Yu , Xinglin Pan , Zeyu Li , Weile Luo , Qiang Wang , Wei Wang , Xiaowen Chu

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to Autoregressive Models (ARMs), utilizing parallel decoding to overcome sequential bottlenecks. However, existing research focuses primarily on kernel-level…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Jiakun Fan , Yanglin Zhang , Xiangchen Li , Dimitrios S. Nikolopoulos

Scaling the input context length of a large language model (LLM) incurs a significant increase in computation cost and memory footprint to maintain the attention key-value (KV) cache. Existing KV cache compression methods suffer from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Yuxiang Huang , Binhang Yuan , Xu Han , Chaojun Xiao , Zhiyuan Liu

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on memory-constrained AI Personal Computers (AIPCs) enables low-latency, privacy-preserving inference, but long-context generation is fundamentally bottlenecked by the linearly growing Key-Value (KV)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-26 He Sun , Shinan Liu , Li Li , Mingjun Xiao

The application of Transformer-based large models has achieved numerous success in recent years. However, the exponential growth in the parameters of large models introduces formidable memory challenge for edge deployment. Prior works to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Xueyuan Han , Zinuo Cai , Yichu Zhang , Chongxin Fan , Junhan Liu , Ruhui Ma , Rajkumar Buyya

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized many areas of artificial intelligence (AI), but their substantial resource requirements limit their deployment on mobile and edge devices. This survey paper provides a comprehensive overview…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Sanjay Surendranath Girija , Shashank Kapoor , Lakshit Arora , Dipen Pradhan , Aman Raj , Ankit Shetgaonkar

Large Language Diffusion Models (LLDMs) benefit from a flexible decoding mechanism that enables parallelized inference and controllable generations over autoregressive models. Yet such flexibility introduces a critical challenge: inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Yichuan Mo , Quan Chen , Mingjie Li , Zeming Wei , Yisen Wang

Long-term memory enables large language model agents to tackle complex tasks through historical interactions. However, existing frameworks encounter a fundamental dilemma between compressing redundant information efficiently and maintaining…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zhenyuan Zhang , Xianzhang Jia , Zhiqin Yang , Zhenbo Song , Wei Xue , Sirui Han , Yike Guo