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Pipeline parallelism (PP) has become a standard technique for scaling large language model (LLM) training across multiple devices. However, despite recent progress in reducing memory consumption through activation offloading, existing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Hongpei Li , Han Zhang , Huikang Liu , Dongdong Ge , Yinyu Ye

Pipeline Parallelism (PP) serves as a crucial technique for training Large Language Models (LLMs), owing to its capability to alleviate memory pressure from model states with relatively low communication overhead. However, in long-context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Zhouyang Li , Yuliang Liu , Wei Zhang , Tailing Yuan , Bin Chen , Chengru Song , Di Zhang

Training large language models (LLMs) now requires resources that exceed a single datacenter, making cross-datacenter strategies increasingly crucial. We present CrossPipe, a framework designed to optimize model training across…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Tiancheng Chen , Ales Kubicek , Langwen Huang , Torsten Hoefler

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) relies heavily on distributed training strategies, among which pipeline parallelism plays a crucial role. As LLMs' training sequence length extends to 32k or even 128k, the current pipeline…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Ao Sun , Weilin Zhao , Xu Han , Cheng Yang , Xinrong Zhang , Zhiyuan Liu , Chuan Shi , Maosong Sun

Training large language models (LLMs) is fundamentally constrained by limited device memory and costly inter-device communication. Although pipeline parallelism alleviates memory pressure by partitioning models across devices, it incurs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Houming Wu , Ling Chen

Long context training is crucial for LLM's context extension. Existing schemes, such as sequence parallelism, incur substantial communication overhead. Pipeline parallelism (PP) reduces this cost, but its effectiveness hinges on…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Shiju Wang , Yujie Wang , Ao Sun , Fangcheng Fu , Zijian Zhu , Bin Cui , Xu Han , Kaisheng Ma

Discovering atom-level phenomena requires molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with ab initio accuracy. Machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) enable stable, high-accuracy MD simulations, and their models exhibit scaling-law trends…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Hongyu Wang , Weijian Liu , Hongtao Xu , Yan Wang , Mingzhen Li , Weile Jia , Guangming Tan

As transformer sequence lengths grow, existing pipeline parallelisms incur suboptimal performance due to the quadratic attention computation and the substantial memory overhead. To relieve these challenges, we propose HelixPipe, a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Geng Zhang , Shenggan Cheng , Xuanlei Zhao , Ziming Liu , Yang You

Pipeline parallelism has been widely explored, but most existing schedules lack a systematic methodology. In this paper, we propose a framework to decompose pipeline schedules as repeating a building block, and show that the lifespan of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Penghui Qi , Xinyi Wan , Nyamdavaa Amar , Min Lin

Large language models (LLMs) with long sequences begin to power more and more fundamentally new applications we use every day. Existing methods for long-sequence LLM training are neither efficient nor compatible with commonly-used training…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Qiaoling Chen , Diandian Gu , Guoteng Wang , Xun Chen , YingTong Xiong , Ting Huang , Qinghao Hu , Xin Jin , Yonggang Wen , Tianwei Zhang , Peng Sun

Large-scale language models have become increasingly challenging and expensive to train. Among various methods addressing this issue, Pipeline Parallelism has been widely employed to accommodate massive model weights within limited GPU…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Ziming Liu , Shenggan Cheng , Haotian Zhou , Yang You

It is a challenging task to train large DNN models on sophisticated GPU platforms with diversified interconnect capabilities. Recently, pipelined training has been proposed as an effective approach for improving device utilization. However,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Shiqing Fan , Yi Rong , Chen Meng , Zongyan Cao , Siyu Wang , Zhen Zheng , Chuan Wu , Guoping Long , Jun Yang , Lixue Xia , Lansong Diao , Xiaoyong Liu , Wei Lin

Pipeline parallelism is a crucial paradigm for large-scale model training. However, imbalances in memory footprint across stages can lead to significant GPU memory wastage, limiting the model sizes that pipeline parallelism can effectively…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Xuan Peng , Xuanhua Shi , Haolin Zhang , Yunfei Zhao , Xuehai Qian

Scaling long-context capabilities is crucial for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, real-world multimodal datasets are extremely heterogeneous. Existing training frameworks predominantly rely on static parallelism…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Yifan Niu , Han Xiao , Dongyi Liu , Wei Zhou , Jia Li

Pipeline parallelism (PP) is widely used for training large language models (LLMs), yet its scalability is often constrained by high activation memory consumption as the number of in-flight microbatches grows with the degree of PP. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Xinyi Wan , Penghui Qi , Guangxing Huang , Min Lin , Jialin Li

With the rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) in recommendation systems, the computational and communication bottlenecks caused by their massive parameter sizes and large data volumes have become increasingly prominent. This paper…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Haowei Yang , Yu Tian , Zhongheng Yang , Zhao Wang , Chengrui Zhou , Dannier Li

Large language models have led to state-of-the-art accuracies across a range of tasks. However, training these models efficiently is challenging for two reasons: a) GPU memory capacity is limited, making it impossible to fit large models on…

Pipeline parallelism is widely used to scale the training of transformer-based large language models, various works have been done to improve its throughput and memory footprint. In this paper, we address a frequently overlooked issue: the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Man Tsung Yeung , Penghui Qi , Min Lin , Xinyi Wan

Model parallelism has become a necessity for training modern large-scale deep language models. In this work, we identify a new and orthogonal dimension from existing model parallel approaches: it is possible to perform pipeline parallelism…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Zhuohan Li , Siyuan Zhuang , Shiyuan Guo , Danyang Zhuo , Hao Zhang , Dawn Song , Ion Stoica

Pipeline parallelism (PP) when training neural networks enables larger models to be partitioned spatially, leading to both lower network communication and overall higher hardware utilization. Unfortunately, to preserve the statistical…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Bowen Yang , Jian Zhang , Jonathan Li , Christopher Ré , Christopher R. Aberger , Christopher De Sa
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