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Optimal power management of battery energy storage systems (BESS) is crucial for their safe and efficient operation. Numerical optimization techniques are frequently utilized to solve the optimal power management problems. However, these…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-15 Amir Farakhor , Iman Askari , Di Wu , Huazhen Fang

Large-scale battery energy storage systems (BESS) are helping transition the world towards sustainability with their broad use, among others, in electrified transportation, power grid, and renewables. However, optimal power management for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-07 Amir Farakhor , Di Wu , Yebin Wang , Huazhen Fang

This paper presents a mixed-integer, nonlinear, multi-objective optimization strategy for optimal power allocation among parallel strings in Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). High-fidelity control is achieved by co-simulating the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Vivek Teja Tanjavooru , Prashant Pant , Thomas Hamacher , Holger Hesse

Battery energy storage systems (BESS) play an increasingly vital role in integrating renewable generation into power grids due to their ability to dynamically balance supply. Grid-tied batteries typically employ power converters, where…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-04 Arash Omidi , Tanmay Mishra , Mads R. Almassalkhi

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) can mitigate effects of intermittent energy production from renewable energy sources and play a critical role in peak shaving and demand charge management. To optimally size the BESS from an economic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-03-01 Abdulelah H Habib , Vahid R. Disfani , Jan Kleissl , Raymond de Callafon

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are essential for peak shaving, balancing power supply and demand while enhancing grid efficiency. This study proposes a cycle-based control strategy for charging and discharging, which optimizes…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-17 Guo Gan , Li Junhui , Mu Gang , Yan Gangui

This work presents a general framework for the operationally driven optimal siting and sizing of battery energy storage systems in power transmission networks, aimed at enhancing their resource adequacy. The approach considers multi-period…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-05 Ginevra Larroux , Matthieu Jacobs , Keyu Jia , Fabrizio Sossan , Mario Paolone

We consider a two-level profit-maximizing strategy, including planning and control, for battery energy storage system (BESS) owners that participate in the primary frequency control (PFC) market. Specifically, the optimal BESS control…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-04-05 Ying Jun , Zhang , Changhong Zhao , Wanrong Tang , Steven H. Low

This paper proposes a novel set of power constraints for Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs), referred to as Dynamic Power Constraints (DPCs), that account for the voltage and current limits of the BESS as a function of its State of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-26 Stefano Cassano , Fabrizio Sossan

In high renewables-integrated power systems, irrespective to their sizes, energy storage is commonly included and utilized to mitigate fluctuations from both the load and renewable power generation, ensuring system reliability, among which…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-08 Cunzhi Zhao , Xingpeng Li

Frequency response and voltage support are vital ancillary services for power grids. In this paper, we design and experimentally validate a real-time control framework for battery energy storage systems (BESSs) to provide ancillary services…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-04 Zhao Yuan , Antonio Zecchino , Rachid Cherkaoui , Mario Paolone

Second-life battery energy storage systems (SL-BESS) are an economical means of long-duration grid energy storage. They utilize retired battery packs from electric vehicles to store and provide electrical energy at the utility scale.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-30 Amir Farakhor , Di Wu , Pingen Chen , Junmin Wang , Yebin Wang , Huazhen Fang

This paper presents a unified framework for the optimal scheduling of battery dispatch and internal power allocation in Battery energy storage systems (BESS). This novel approach integrates both market-based (price-aware) signals and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-02 Sheng Yin , Vivek Teja Tanjavooru , Thomas Hamacher , Christoph Goebel , Holger Hesse

This paper proposes a control method for battery energy storage systems (BESSs) to provide concurrent primary frequency and local voltage regulation services. The actual variable active and reactive power capability of the converter, along…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-10 Antonio Zecchino , Zhao Yuan , Fabrizio Sossan , Rachid Cherkaoui , Mario Paolone

The most commonly used model for battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in optimal BESS allocation problems is a constant-efficiency model. However, the charging and discharging efficiencies of BESSs vary non-linearly as functions of their…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-27 Malhar Padhee , Anamitra Pal , Chetan Mishra , Sachin Soni

The integration of renewable energy sources (RES) into power distribution grids poses challenges to system reliability due to the inherent uncertainty in their power production. To address this issue, battery energy sources (BESs) are being…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-12 Arnab Dey , Vivek Khatana , Ankur Mani , Murti V. Salapaka

In this paper, energy efficient power control for small cells underlaying a macro cellular network is investigated. We formulate the power control problem in self-organizing small cell networks as a non-cooperative game, and propose a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-03-23 Yanxiang Jiang , Ningning Lu , Yan Chen , Mehdi Bennis , Fuchun Zheng , Xiqi Gao , Xiaohu You

In this paper, we study the strategic investment problem of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in the wholesale electricity market from the perspective of BESSs owners. Large-scale BESSs planning without considering the possible…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-01 Ang Li , Yubo Wang , Lei Fan , Jiming Peng

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) are increasingly critical to power-system stability, yet their operation and maintenance remain dominated by reactive, expert-dependent diagnostics. While cell-level inconsistencies provide early…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-08 Jingbo Qu , Yijie Wang , Yujie Fu , Putai Zhang , Weihan Li , Mian Li

Lithium-ion battery packs are usually composed of hundreds of cells arranged in series and parallel connections. The proper functioning of these complex devices requires suitable Battery Management Systems (BMSs). Advanced BMSs rely on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-30 Andrea Pozzi , Marcello Torchio , Richard D. Braatz , Davide M. Raimondo
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