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We tackle the task of conditional music generation. We introduce MusicGen, a single Language Model (LM) that operates over several streams of compressed discrete music representation, i.e., tokens. Unlike prior work, MusicGen is comprised…

Collecting large, aligned cross-modal datasets for music-flavor research is difficult because perceptual experiments are costly and small by design. We address this bottleneck through two complementary experiments. The first tests whether…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Matteo Spanio , Valentina Frezzato , Antonio Rodà

Smell's deep connection with food, memory, and social experience has long motivated researchers to bring olfaction into interactive systems. Yet most olfactory interfaces remain limited to fixed scent cartridges and pre-defined generation…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Yunge Wen , Awu Chen , Jianing Yu , Jas Brooks , Hiroshi Ishii , Paul Pu Liang

We present the Melody-Guided Music Generation (MG2) model, a novel approach using melody to guide the text-to-music generation that, despite a simple method and limited resources, achieves excellent performance. Specifically, we first align…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Shaopeng Wei , Manzhen Wei , Haoyu Wang , Yu Zhao , Gang Kou

Evaluating generative models remains a fundamental challenge, particularly when the goal is to reflect human preferences. In this paper, we use music generation as a case study to investigate the gap between automatic evaluation metrics and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-01 Huan Zhang , Jinhua Liang , Huy Phan , Wenwu Wang , Emmanouil Benetos

Multi-modal music generation, using multiple modalities like text, images, and video alongside musical scores and audio as guidance, is an emerging research area with broad applications. This paper reviews this field, categorizing music…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Shuyu Li , Shulei Ji , Zihao Wang , Songruoyao Wu , Jiaxing Yu , Kejun Zhang

Controllable music generation plays a vital role in human-AI music co-creation. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in generating high-quality music, their focus on autoregressive generation limits their utility in music…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Liwei Lin , Gus Xia , Yixiao Zhang , Junyan Jiang

Rapid advancements in artificial intelligence have significantly enhanced generative tasks involving music and images, employing both unimodal and multimodal approaches. This research develops a model capable of generating music that…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Tanisha Hisariya , Huan Zhang , Jinhua Liang

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies continue to evolve, their use in generating realistic, contextually appropriate content has expanded into various domains. Music, an art form and medium for entertainment, deeply rooted into…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Yupei Li , Manuel Milling , Lucia Specia , Björn W. Schuller

Recent advances in deep neural networks have enabled algorithms to compose music that is comparable to music composed by humans. However, few algorithms allow the user to generate music with tunable parameters. The ability to tune…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-02-06 Huanru Henry Mao , Taylor Shin , Garrison W. Cottrell

Music is used to convey emotions, and thus generating emotional music is important in automatic music generation. Previous work on emotional music generation directly uses annotated emotion labels as control signals, which suffers from…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Chenfei Kang , Peiling Lu , Botao Yu , Xu Tan , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang , Jiang Bian

With the rise of AI-generated content (AIGC), generating perceptually natural and feeling-aligned music from multimodal inputs has become a central challenge. Existing approaches often rely on explicit emotion labels that require costly…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jiaying Hong , Ting Zhu , Thanet Markchom , Huizhi Liang

Generative AI models have recently blossomed, significantly impacting artistic and musical traditions. Research investigating how humans interact with and deem these models is therefore crucial. Through a listening and reflection study, we…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Pedro Sarmento , Jackson Loth , Mathieu Barthet

With the introduction of ChatGPT, the public's perception of AI-generated content (AIGC) has begun to reshape. Artificial intelligence has significantly reduced the barrier to entry for non-professionals in creative endeavors, enhancing the…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Lei Wang , Ziyi Zhao , Hanwei Liu , Junwei Pang , Yi Qin , Qidi Wu

AI-empowered music processing is a diverse field that encompasses dozens of tasks, ranging from generation tasks (e.g., timbre synthesis) to comprehension tasks (e.g., music classification). For developers and amateurs, it is very difficult…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Dingyao Yu , Kaitao Song , Peiling Lu , Tianyu He , Xu Tan , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang , Jiang Bian

While music generation models have evolved to handle complex multimodal inputs mixing text, lyrics, and reference audio, evaluation mechanisms have lagged behind. In this paper, we bridge this critical gap by establishing a comprehensive…

AI creation, such as poem or lyrics generation, has attracted increasing attention from both industry and academic communities, with many promising models proposed in the past few years. Existing methods usually estimate the outputs based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Qian Cao , Xu Chen , Ruihua Song , Hao Jiang , Guang Yang , Zhao Cao

Automatic music generation with artificial intelligence typically requires a large amount of data which is hard to obtain for many less common genres and musical instruments. To tackle this issue, we present ongoing work and preliminary…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Li Zhang , Chris Callison-Burch

In this paper, we introduce Story2MIDI, a sequence-to-sequence Transformer-based model for generating emotion-aligned music from a given piece of text. To develop this model, we construct the Story2MIDI dataset by merging existing datasets…

This paper presents an integrative review and experimental validation of artificial intelligence (AI) agents applied to music analysis and education. We synthesize the historical evolution from rule-based models to contemporary approaches…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Antonio Manuel Martínez-Heredia , Dolores Godrid Rodríguez , Andrés Ortiz García