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Test-Time Adaptation aims to adapt source domain model to testing data at inference stage with success demonstrated in adapting to unseen corruptions. However, these attempts may fail under more challenging real-world scenarios. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Yongyi Su , Xun Xu , Kui Jia

Reliable learning of multimodal data (e.g., multi-omics) is a widely concerning issue, especially in safety-critical applications such as medical diagnosis. However, low-quality data induced by multimodal noise poses a major challenge in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Shu Shen , C. L. Philip Chen , Tong Zhang

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) aims to improve time series forecasting under distribution shifts by using limited observations revealed during inference. However, forecasting TTA must operate in a source-free online setting, where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Jiaqi Liu , Yifan Ouyang , Zhifei Song , Sim Kuan Goh , Ashwaq Qasem

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed clients without sharing raw data, making it ideal for privacy-sensitive applications. However, FL models often suffer performance degradation due to…

We introduce Generalized Test-Time Augmentation (GTTA), a highly effective method for improving the performance of a trained model, which unlike other existing Test-Time Augmentation approaches from the literature is general enough to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Andrei Jelea , Ahmed Nabil Belbachir , Marius Leordeanu

Tabular data plays a vital role in various real-world scenarios and finds extensive applications. Although recent deep tabular models have shown remarkable success, they still struggle to handle data distribution shifts, leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Zhi Zhou , Kun-Yang Yu , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yu-Feng Li

Currently, pre-trained language models (PLMs) do not cope well with the distribution shift problem, resulting in models trained on the training set failing in real test scenarios. To address this problem, the test-time adaptation (TTA)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Yi Su , Yixin Ji , Juntao Li , Hai Ye , Min Zhang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) updates the model weights during the inference stage using testing data to enhance generalization. However, this practice exposes TTA to adversarial risks. Existing studies have shown that when TTA is updated with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Yongyi Su , Yushu Li , Nanqing Liu , Kui Jia , Xulei Yang , Chuan-Sheng Foo , Xun Xu

Source-free test-time adaptation (TTA) is appealing for mobile and wearable sensing because it enables on-device personalization from unlabeled test streams without centralizing private data. However, sensor-based human activity recognition…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Changyu Li , Lu Wang , Ming Lei , Jiashen Liu , Yichen Zhang , Kaishun Wu , Fei Luo

Keyword spotting (KWS) identifies words for voice assistants, but environmental noise frequently reduces accuracy. Standard adaptation fixes this issue and strictly requires original or labeled audio. Test time adaptation (TTA) solves this…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-09 Hanyu Ding , Yang Xiao , Jiaheng Dong , Ting Dang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to correct performance degradation of deep models under distribution shifts by updating models or inputs using unlabeled test data. Input-only diffusion-based TTA methods improve robustness for classification…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Jihyun Yu , Yoojin Oh , Wonho Bae , Mingyu Kim , Junhyug Noh

After the great success of Vision Transformer variants (ViTs) in computer vision, it has also demonstrated great potential in domain adaptive semantic segmentation. Unfortunately, straightforwardly applying local ViTs in domain adaptive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Runfa Chen , Yu Rong , Shangmin Guo , Jiaqi Han , Fuchun Sun , Tingyang Xu , Wenbing Huang

Multi-source unsupervised domain adaptation (MUDA) is a framework to address the challenge of annotated data scarcity in a target domain via transferring knowledge from multiple annotated source domains. When the source domains are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Serban Stan , Mohammad Rostami

Multimodal learning integrates diverse modalities but suffers from modality imbalance, where dominant modalities suppress weaker ones due to inconsistent convergence rates. Existing methods predominantly rely on static modulation or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Zhaocheng Liu , Zhiwen Yu , Xiaoqing Liu

Active Domain Adaptation (ADA) aims to maximally boost model adaptation in a new target domain by actively selecting a limited number of target data to annotate.This setting neglects the more practical scenario where training data are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Wenqiao Zhang , Zheqi Lv , Hao Zhou , Jia-Wei Liu , Juncheng Li , Mengze Li , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang

Deep neural networks demonstrate strong performance under aligned training-test distributions. However, real-world test data often exhibit domain shifts. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) addresses this challenge by adapting the model to test data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Byung-Joon Lee , Jin-Seop Lee , Jee-Hyong Lee

Test-time adaptation (TTA) is the problem of updating a pre-trained source model at inference time given test input(s) from a different target domain. Most existing TTA approaches assume the setting in which the target domain is stationary,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Dhanajit Brahma , Piyush Rai

Test-time adaptation (TTA) enables neural forecasters to adapt to distribution shifts in streaming time series, but existing methods apply the same adaptation intensity regardless of the nature of the shift. We propose Regime-Guided…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Indar Kumar , Akanksha Tiwari , Sai Krishna Jasti , Ankit Hemant Lade

Multi-modal learning has shown exceptional performance in various tasks, especially in medical applications, where it integrates diverse medical information for comprehensive diagnostic evidence. However, there still are several challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Lin Fan , Yafei Ou , Cenyang Zheng , Pengyu Dai , Tamotsu Kamishima , Masayuki Ikebe , Kenji Suzuki , Xun Gong

Multi-source Domain Adaptation (MDA) seeks to adapt models trained on data from multiple labeled source domains to perform effectively on an unlabeled target domain data, assuming access to sources data. To address the challenges of model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Omar Ghannou , Younès Bennani