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Autoregressive (AR) architectures have achieved significant successes in LLMs, inspiring explorations for video generation. In LLMs, top-p/top-k sampling strategies work exceptionally well: language tokens have high semantic density and low…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Yizhao Han , Tianxing Shi , Zhao Wang , Zifan Xu , Zhiyuan Pu , Mingxiao Li , Qian Zhang , Wei Yin , Xiao-Xiao Long

Test-time reinforcement learning generates multiple candidate answers via repeated rollouts and performs online updates using pseudo-labels constructed by majority voting. To reduce overhead and improve exploration, prior work introduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Chu Zhao , Enneng Yang , Yuting Liu , Jianzhe Zhao , Guibing Guo

Semi-supervised classification, one of the most prominent fields in machine learning, studies how to combine the statistical knowledge of the often abundant unlabeled data with the often limited labeled data in order to maximize overall…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-07 Vahid Jamali , Antonia Tulino , Jaime Llorca , Elza Erkip

We study acquisition functions for active learning (AL) for text classification. The Expected Loss Reduction (ELR) method focuses on a Bayesian estimate of the reduction in classification error, recently updated with Mean Objective Cost of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Wei Tan , Lan Du , Wray Buntine

Auto-annotation by ensemble of models is an efficient method of learning on unlabeled data. Wrong or inaccurate annotations generated by the ensemble may lead to performance degradation of the trained model. To deal with this problem we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Dror Simon , Miriam Farber , Roman Goldenberg

As the size of the dataset used in deep learning tasks increases, the noisy label problem, which is a task of making deep learning robust to the incorrectly labeled data, has become an important task. In this paper, we propose a method of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Hansang Lee , Haeil Lee , Helen Hong , Junmo Kim

Active learning (AL) is a label-efficient machine learning paradigm that focuses on selectively annotating high-value instances to maximize learning efficiency. Its effectiveness can be further enhanced by incorporating weak supervision,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Shinnosuke Matsuo , Riku Togashi , Ryoma Bise , Seiichi Uchida , Masahiro Nomura

Sound event detection is a challenging task, especially for scenes with multiple simultaneous events. While event classification methods tend to be fairly accurate, event localization presents additional challenges, especially when large…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-11-12 Sandeep Kothinti , Keisuke Imoto , Debmalya Chakrabarty , Gregory Sell , Shinji Watanabe , Mounya Elhilali

Digital data collected over the decades and data currently being produced with use of information technology is vastly the unlabeled data or data without description. The unlabeled data is relatively easy to acquire but expensive to label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Kinyua Gikunda

Data augmentation is a key tool for improving the performance of deep networks, particularly when there is limited labeled data. In some fields, such as computer vision, augmentation methods have been extensively studied; however, for…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-17 Zuzhao Ye , Gregory Ciccarelli , Brian Kulis

Federated learning (FL) has been intensively investigated in terms of communication efficiency, privacy, and fairness. However, efficient annotation, which is a pain point in real-world FL applications, is less studied. In this project, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Jin-Hyun Ahn , Kyungsang Kim , Jeongwan Koh , Quanzheng Li

Semantic segmentation is an important technique for environment perception in intelligent transportation systems. With the rapid development of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), road scene analysis can usually achieve satisfactory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Licong Guan , Xue Yuan

Large-scale datasets have driven the rapid development of deep neural networks for visual recognition. However, annotating a massive dataset is expensive and time-consuming. Web images and their labels are, in comparison, much easier to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-12-01 Bohan Zhuang , Lingqiao Liu , Yao Li , Chunhua Shen , Ian Reid

Wildlife camera trap images are being used extensively to investigate animal abundance, habitat associations, and behavior, which is complicated by the fact that experts must first classify the images manually. Artificial intelligence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Ludwig Bothmann , Lisa Wimmer , Omid Charrakh , Tobias Weber , Hendrik Edelhoff , Wibke Peters , Hien Nguyen , Caryl Benjamin , Annette Menzel

Active Learning (AL) addresses the crucial challenge of enabling machines to efficiently gather labeled examples through strategic queries. Among the many AL strategies, Uncertainty Sampling (US) stands out as one of the most widely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Po-Yi Lu , Yi-Jie Cheng , Chun-Liang Li , Hsuan-Tien Lin

State-of-the-art audio event detection (AED) systems rely on supervised learning using strongly labeled data. However, this dependence severely limits scalability to large-scale datasets where fine resolution annotations are too expensive…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Shao-Yen Tseng , Juncheng Li , Yun Wang , Joseph Szurley , Florian Metze , Samarjit Das

Entity Alignment (EA) aims to match equivalent entities across different Knowledge Graphs (KGs) and is an essential step of KG fusion. Current mainstream methods -- neural EA models -- rely on training with seed alignment, i.e., a set of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Bing Liu , Harrisen Scells , Guido Zuccon , Wen Hua , Genghong Zhao

In recent years, deep learning has achieved great success in many natural language processing tasks including named entity recognition. The shortcoming is that a large amount of manually-annotated data is usually required. Previous studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-28 Mingyi Liu , Zhiying Tu , Tong Zhang , Tonghua Su , Zhongjie Wang

In the era of data-driven intelligence, the paradox of data abundance and annotation scarcity has emerged as a critical bottleneck in the advancement of machine learning. This paper gives a detailed overview of Active Learning (AL), which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Chiung-Yi Tseng , Junhao Song , Ziqian Bi , Tianyang Wang , Chia Xin Liang , Xinyuan Song , Ming Liu

Annotating the right set of data amongst all available data points is a key challenge in many machine learning applications. Batch active learning is a popular approach to address this, in which batches of unlabeled data points are selected…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-20 Amirata Ghorbani , James Zou , Andre Esteva