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With the rise of large language models (LLMs), researchers are increasingly exploring their applications in var ious vertical domains, such as software engineering. LLMs have achieved remarkable success in areas including code generation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Haolin Jin , Linghan Huang , Haipeng Cai , Jun Yan , Bo Li , Huaming Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used as automated judges, where practical value depends on both accuracy and trustworthy, risk-aware judgments. Existing approaches predominantly focus on accuracy, overlooking the necessity of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Zailong Tian , Zhuoheng Han , Yanzhe Chen , Haozhe Xu , Xi Yang , Richeng Xuan , Houfeng Wang , Lizi Liao

Evaluation of large language model (LLM) outputs requires users to make critical judgments about the best outputs across various configurations. This process is costly and takes time given the large amounts of data. LLMs are increasingly…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great promise in generating structured diagrams from natural language descriptions, particularly Mermaid sequence diagrams for software engineering. However, the lack of existing benchmarks to assess…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Basel Shbita , Farhan Ahmed , Chad DeLuca

[Context] Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to assist qualitative research in Software Engineering (SE), yet the methodological implications of this usage remain underexplored. Their integration into interpretive processes…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Tatiane Ornelas , Allysson Allex Araújo , Júlia Araújo , Marina Araújo , Bianca Trinkenreich , Marcos Kalinowski

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly employed as automated evaluators to assess the safety of generated content, yet their reliability in this role remains uncertain. This study evaluates a diverse set of 11 LLM judge models across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Hongyu Chen , Seraphina Goldfarb-Tarrant

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) demonstrate a promising direction for assisting individuals with blindness or low-vision (BLV). Yet, measuring their true utility in real-world scenarios is challenging because evaluating whether their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Eunki Kim , Na Min An , Wan Ju Kang , Sangryul Kim , James Thorne , Hyunjung Shim

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as scalable evaluators of model outputs, but their preference judgments exhibit systematic biases and can diverge from human evaluations. Prior work on LLM-as-a-judge has largely focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 James Wedgwood , Chhavi Yadav , Virginia Smith

Alignment with human preferences is an important evaluation aspect of LLMs, requiring them to be helpful, honest, safe, and to precisely follow human instructions. Evaluating large language models' (LLMs) alignment typically involves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yixin Liu , Pengfei Liu , Arman Cohan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are revolutionizing software engineering (SE), with special emphasis on code generation and analysis. However, their applications to broader SE practices including conceptualization, design, and other non-code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Fabian C. Peña

LLM-as-a-Judge refers to the automatic modeling of preferences for responses generated by Large Language Models (LLMs), which is of significant importance for both LLM evaluation and reward modeling. Although generative LLMs have made…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Hui Huang , Yancheng He , Hongli Zhou , Rui Zhang , Wei Liu , Weixun Wang , Jiaheng Liu , Wenbo Su

Accurate evaluation is central to the large language model (LLM) ecosystem, guiding model selection and downstream adoption across diverse use cases. In practice, however, evaluating generative outputs typically relies on rigid lexical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Hippolyte Gisserot-Boukhlef , Nicolas Boizard , Emmanuel Malherbe , Céline Hudelot , Pierre Colombo

Generative AI plays an increasing role during software engineering activities to make them, e.g., more efficient or provide better quality. However, it is often unclear how much benefit LLMs really provide. We concentrate on software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Frank Elberzhager , Matthias Gerbershagen , Joshua Ginkel

Large language models (LLMs) are predominantly used as evaluators for natural language generation (NLG) tasks, but their application to broader evaluation scenarios remains limited. In this work, we explore the potential of LLMs as general…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jie Meng , Jin Mao

Large language models (LLMs) are being increasingly integrated into legal applications, including judicial decision support, legal practice assistance, and public-facing legal services. While LLMs show strong potential in handling legal…

There is a growing trend of teaching large language models (LLMs) to solve mathematical problems through coding. Existing studies primarily focus on prompting powerful, closed-source models to generate seed training data followed by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Dian Yu , Baolin Peng , Ye Tian , Linfeng Song , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

LLM-as-a-judge approaches have emerged as a scalable solution for evaluating model behaviors, yet they rely on evaluation criteria often created by a single individual, embedding that person's assumptions, priorities, and interpretive lens.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Charles Chiang , Simret Gebreegziabher , Annalisa Szymanski , Yukun Yang , Hyo Jin Do , Zahra Ashktorab , Werner Geyer , Toby Li , Diego Gomez-Zara

We study the ability of large language models (LLMs) to generate comprehensive and accurate book summaries solely from their internal knowledge, without recourse to the original text. Employing a diverse set of books and multiple LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Javier Coronado-Blázquez

The subjective evaluation of early stage engineering designs, such as conceptual sketches, traditionally relies on human experts. However, expert evaluations are time-consuming, expensive, and sometimes inconsistent. Recent advances in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Kristen M. Edwards , Farnaz Tehranchi , Scarlett R. Miller , Faez Ahmed

Validating evaluation metrics for NLG typically relies on expensive and time-consuming human annotations, which predominantly exist only for English datasets. We propose \textit{LLM as a Meta-Judge}, a scalable framework that utilizes LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Lukáš Eigler , Jindřich Libovický , David Hurych
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