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The Belle II experiment is designed to collect 50 times more data than its predecessor. For a smooth collection of high-quality data, a robust and automated data transport and processing pipeline has been established. We describe the basic…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-12-30 Nils Braun , Thomas Kuhr

The Belle~II experiment operates at high luminosity, where an increasing beam-induced background imposes stringent demands on the hardware Level-1 trigger system, which must operate under tight latency and bandwidth constraints. To achieve…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2026-02-23 Greta Heine , Fabio Mayer , Marc Neu , Jürgen Becker , Torben Ferber

The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB accelerator is designed to explore physics beyond the Standard Model with unprecedented luminosity. As the beam intensity increased, the experiment faced significant challenges due to higher…

The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider in KEK, Japan, started physics data-taking with a complete detector from early 2019 with the primary physics goal of probing new physics in heavy quark and lepton decays. An…

The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB collider at KEK, Tsukuba, Japan has successfully started taking data with the full detector in March 2019. Belle II is a luminosity frontier experiment of the new generation to search for physics…

The Belle II experiment will go into operation at the upgraded SuperKEKB collider in 2016. SuperKEKB is designed to deliver an instantaneous luminosity $\mathcal{L}=8\times10^{35}\,\mathrm{cm}^{-2}\,\mathrm{s}^{-1}$. The experiment will…

The SuperKEKB accelerator and the Belle II experiment constitute the second-generation asymmetric energy B-factory. SuperKEKB has recently set a new world record in instantaneous luminosity, which is anticipated to further increase during…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-03-17 C. Wessel

One of the major components of the Belle II trigger system is the neural network trigger. Its task is to estimate the z-Vertex particle tracks observed in the experiments drift chamber. The trigger is implemented on FPGAs to ensure…

We present the study of an end-to-end multi-track reconstruction algorithm for the central drift chamber of the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB collider using Graph Neural Networks for an unknown number of particles. The algorithm uses…

We describe the principles and performance of the first-level ("L1") hardware track trigger of Belle II, based on neural networks. The networks use as input the results from the standard Belle II trigger, which provides "2D" track…

The Belle detector at the KEKB electron-positron collider has collected almost 1 billion Y(4S) events in its decade of operation. Super-KEKB, an upgrade of KEKB is under construction, to increase the luminosity by two orders of magnitude…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2010-11-02 T. Abe , I. Adachi , K. Adamczyk , S. Ahn , H. Aihara , K. Akai , M. Aloi , L. Andricek , K. Aoki , Y. Arai , A. Arefiev , K. Arinstein , Y. Arita , D. M. Asner , V. Aulchenko , T. Aushev , T. Aziz , A. M. Bakich , V. Balagura , Y. Ban , E. Barberio , T. Barvich , K. Belous , T. Bergauer , V. Bhardwaj , B. Bhuyan , S. Blyth , A. Bondar , G. Bonvicini , A. Bozek , M. Bracko , J. Brodzicka , O. Brovchenko , T. E. Browder , G. Cao , M. -C. Chang , P. Chang , Y. Chao , V. Chekelian , A. Chen , K. -F. Chen , P. Chen , B. G. Cheon , C. -C. Chiang , R. Chistov , K. Cho , S. -K. Choi , K. Chung , A. Comerma , M. Cooney , D. E. Cowley , T. Critchlow , J. Dalseno , M. Danilov , A. Dieguez , A. Dierlamm , M. Dillon , J. Dingfelder , R. Dolenec , Z. Dolezal , Z. Drasal , A. Drutskoy , W. Dungel , D. Dutta , S. Eidelman , A. Enomoto , D. Epifanov , S. Esen , J. E. Fast , M. Feindt , M. Fernandez Garcia , T. Fifield , P. Fischer , J. Flanagan , S. Fourletov , J. Fourletova , L. Freixas , A. Frey , M. Friedl , R. Fruehwirth , H. Fujii , M. Fujikawa , Y. Fukuma , Y. Funakoshi , K. Furukawa , J. Fuster , N. Gabyshev , A. Gaspar de Valenzuela Cueto , A. Garmash , L. Garrido , Ch. Geisler , I. Gfall , Y. M. Goh , B. Golob , I. Gorton , R. Grzymkowski , H. Guo , H. Ha , J. Haba , K. Hara , T. Hara , T. Haruyama , K. Hayasaka , K. Hayashi , H. Hayashii , M. Heck , S. Heindl , C. Heller , T. Hemperek , T. Higuchi , Y. Horii , W. -S. Hou , Y. B. Hsiung , C. -H. Huang , S. Hwang , H. J. Hyun , Y. Igarashi , C. Iglesias , Y. Iida , T. Iijima , M. Imamura , K. Inami , C. Irmler , M. Ishizuka , K. Itagaki , R. Itoh , M. Iwabuchi , G. Iwai , M. Iwai , M. Iwasaki , M. Iwasaki , Y. Iwasaki , T. Iwashita , S. Iwata , H. Jang , X. Ji , T. Jinno , M. Jones , T. Julius , T. Kageyama , D. H. Kah , H. Kakuno , T. Kamitani , K. Kanazawa , P. Kapusta , S. U. Kataoka , N. Katayama , M. Kawai , Y. Kawai , T. Kawasaki , J. Kennedy , H. Kichimi , M. Kikuchi , C. Kiesling , B. K. Kim , G. N. Kim , H. J. Kim , H. O. Kim , J. -B. Kim , J. H. Kim , M. J. Kim , S. K. Kim , K. T. Kim , T. Y. Kim , K. Kinoshita , K. Kishi , B. Kisielewski , K. Kleese van Dam , J. Knopf , B. R. Ko , M. Koch , P. Kodys , C. Koffmane , Y. Koga , T. Kohriki , S. Koike , H. Koiso , Y. Kondo , S. Korpar , R. T. Kouzes , Ch. Kreidl , M. Kreps , P. Krizan , P. Krokovny , H. Krueger , A. Kruth , W. Kuhn , T. Kuhr , R. Kumar , T. Kumita , S. Kupper , A. Kuzmin , P. Kvasnicka , Y. -J. Kwon , C. Lacasta , J. S. Lange , I. -S. Lee , M. J. Lee , M. W. Lee , S. -H. Lee , M. Lemarenko , J. Li , W. D. Li , Y. Li , J. Libby , A. Limosani , C. Liu , H. Liu , Y. Liu , Z. Liu , D. Liventsev , A. Lopez Virto , Y. Makida , Z. P. Mao , C. Marinas , M. Masuzawa , D. Matvienko , W. Mitaroff , K. Miyabayashi , H. Miyata , Y. Miyazaki , T. Miyoshi , R. Mizuk , G. B. Mohanty , D. Mohapatra , A. Moll , T. Mori , A. Morita , Y. Morita , H. -G. Moser , D. Moya Martin , T. Mueller , D. Muenchow , J. Murakami , S. S. Myung , T. Nagamine , I. Nakamura , T. T. Nakamura , E. Nakano , H. Nakano , M. Nakao , H. Nakazawa , S. -H. Nam , Z. Natkaniec , E. Nedelkovska , K. Negishi , S. Neubauer , C. Ng , J. Ninkovic , S. Nishida , K. Nishimura , E. Novikov , T. Nozaki , S. Ogawa , K. Ohmi , Y. Ohnishi , T. Ohshima , N. Ohuchi , K. Oide , S. L. Olsen , M. Ono , Y. Ono , Y. Onuki , W. Ostrowicz , H. Ozaki , P. Pakhlov , G. Pakhlova , H. Palka , H. Park , H. K. Park , L. S. Peak , T. Peng , I. Peric , M. Pernicka , R. Pestotnik , M. Petric , L. E. Piilonen , A. Poluektov , M. Prim , K. Prothmann , K. Regimbal , B. Reisert , R. H. Richter , J. Riera-Babures , A. Ritter , A. Ritter , M. Ritter , M. Roehrken , J. Rorie , M. Rosen , M. Rozanska , L. Ruckman , S. Rummel , V. Rusinov , R. M. Russell , S. Ryu , H. Sahoo , K. Sakai , Y. Sakai , L. Santelj , T. Sasaki , N. Sato , Y. Sato , J. Scheirich , J. Schieck , C. Schwanda , A. J. Schwartz , B. Schwenker , A. Seljak , K. Senyo , O. -S. Seon , M. E. Sevior , M. Shapkin , V. Shebalin , C. P. Shen , H. Shibuya , S. Shiizuka , J. -G. Shiu , B. Shwartz , F. Simon , H. J. Simonis , J. B. Singh , R. Sinha , M. Sitarz , P. Smerkol , A. Sokolov , E. Solovieva , S. Stanic , M. Staric , J. Stypula , Y. Suetsugu , S. Sugihara , T. Sugimura , K. Sumisawa , T. Sumiyoshi , K. Suzuki , S. Y. Suzuki , H. Takagaki , F. Takasaki , H. Takeichi , Y. Takubo , M. Tanaka , S. Tanaka , N. Taniguchi , E. Tarkovsky , G. Tatishvili , M. Tawada , G. N. Taylor , Y. Teramoto , I. Tikhomirov , K. Trabelsi , T. Tsuboyama , K. Tsunada , Y. -C. Tu , T. Uchida , S. Uehara , K. Ueno , T. Uglov , Y. Unno , S. Uno , P. Urquijo , Y. Ushiroda , Y. Usov , S. Vahsen , M. Valentan , P. Vanhoefer , G. Varner , K. E. Varvell , P. Vazquez , I. Vila , E. Vilella , A. Vinokurova , J. Visniakov , M. Vos , C. H. Wang , J. Wang , M. -Z. Wang , P. Wang , A. Wassatch , M. Watanabe , Y. Watase , T. Weiler , N. Wermes , R. E. Wescott , E. White , J. Wicht , L. Widhalm , K. M. Williams , E. Won , H. Xu , B. D. Yabsley , H. Yamamoto , H. Yamaoka , Y. Yamaoka , M. Yamauchi , Y. Yin , H. Yoon , J. Yu , C. Z. Yuan , Y. Yusa , D. Zander , M. Zdybal , Z. P. Zhang , J. Zhao , L. Zhao , Z. Zhao , V. Zhilich , P. Zhou , V. Zhulanov , T. Zivko , A. Zupanc , O. Zyukova

High backgrounds and detector ageing impact the track finding in the Belle II central drift chamber, reducing both track purity and track efficiency in events. This necessitates the development of new track finding algorithms to mitigate…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2026-02-12 Lea Reuter , Tristan Brandes , Giacomo De Pietro , Torben Ferber

The upgrades of the Belle experiment and the KEKB accelerator aim to increase the data set of the experiment by the factor 50. This will be achieved by increasing the luminosity of the accelerator which requires a significant upgrade of the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-07-19 Dmytro Levit , Igor Konorov , Daniel Greenwald , Stephan Paul

We describe a neural network for predicting the background hit rate in the Belle II detector produced by the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider. The neural network, BGNet, learns to predict the individual contributions of different…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2023-03-01 B. Schwenker , L. Herzberg , Y. Buch , A. Frey , A. Natochii , S. Vahsen , H. Nakayama

The Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB accelerator complex is covering a wide range of exciting physics topics. To achieve the project's research goals, a substantial increase of the data sample to 50~ab$^{-1}$ is needed, and for that, the…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2022-11-28 Peter Krizan

In this work we present the Graph-based Full Event Interpretation (GraFEI), a machine learning model based on graph neural networks to inclusively reconstruct events in the Belle~II experiment. Belle~II is well suited to perform…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-10-15 Merna Abumusabh , Jacopo Cerasoli , Giulio Dujany , Corentin Santos

The Full Event Interpretation is presented: a new exclusive tagging algorithm used by the high-energy physics experiment Belle II. The experimental setup of Belle II allows the precise measurement of otherwise inaccessible $B$ meson…

The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider aims to collect an unprecedented data set of $50~{\rm ab}^{-1}$ to study $CP$-violation in the $B$-meson system and to search for Physics beyond the Standard Model.…

Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB collider is a major upgrade of the Belle experiment at the KEKB asymmetric e^+e^- collider at the KEK. The experiment will focus on the search for new physics beyond the standard model via high precision…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2012-08-21 C. Z. Yuan
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