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Related papers: Provable Benefits of Task-Specific Prompts for In-…

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Going beyond mere fine-tuning of vision-language models (VLMs), learnable prompt tuning has emerged as a promising, resource-efficient alternative. Despite their potential, effectively learning prompts faces the following challenges: (i)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Hari Chandana Kuchibhotla , Sai Srinivas Kancheti , Abbavaram Gowtham Reddy , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

With the development of Vision Foundation Models (VFMs) in recent years, Visual In-Context Learning (VICL) has become a better choice compared to modifying models in most scenarios. Different from retraining or fine-tuning model, VICL does…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Yan Zhu , Huan Ma , Changqing Zhang

We explore the benefits that multitask learning offer to speech processing as we train models on dual objectives with automatic speech recognition and intent classification or sentiment classification. Our models, although being of modest…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Quentin Meeus , Marie-Francine Moens , Hugo Van hamme

In-context learning enables language models (LM) to adapt to downstream data or tasks by incorporating few samples as demonstrations within the prompts. It offers strong performance without the expense of fine-tuning. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Jian Gu , Aldeida Aleti , Chunyang Chen , Hongyu Zhang

Recent segmentation models couple large language models (LLMs) with mask decoders to ground complex language expressions into masks, yet their instructions remain target-referential: they describe, constrain, or imply the region to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yuchen Guo , Junli Gong , Hongmin Cai , Yiu-ming Cheung , Weifeng Su

Attention-based neural networks such as transformers have demonstrated a remarkable ability to exhibit in-context learning (ICL): Given a short prompt sequence of tokens from an unseen task, they can formulate relevant per-token and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-23 Ruiqi Zhang , Spencer Frei , Peter L. Bartlett

In this paper, we investigate the role of attention heads in Context-aware Machine Translation models for pronoun disambiguation in the English-to-German and English-to-French language directions. We analyze their influence by both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Paweł Mąka , Yusuf Can Semerci , Jan Scholtes , Gerasimos Spanakis

Large language models show a surprising in-context learning ability -- being able to use a prompt to form a prediction for a query, yet without additional training, in stark contrast to old-fashioned supervised learning. Providing a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-07-25 Yuhao Li , Ruoran Bai , Haiping Huang

In-context learning (ICL) is a key building block of modern large language models, yet its theoretical mechanisms remain poorly understood. It is particularly mysterious how ICL operates in real-world applications where tasks have a common…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-04-24 Kaito Takanami , Takashi Takahashi , Yoshiyuki Kabashima

Multi-head attention has each of the attention heads collect salient information from different parts of an input sequence, making it a powerful mechanism for sequence modeling. Multilingual and multi-domain learning are common scenarios…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Hongyu Gong , Yun Tang , Juan Pino , Xian Li

In-context learning is governed by both temporal and semantic relationships, shaping how Large Language Models (LLMs) retrieve contextual information. Analogous to human episodic memory, where the retrieval of specific events is enabled by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Anooshka Bajaj , Deven Mahesh Mistry , Sahaj Singh Maini , Yash Aggarwal , Zoran Tiganj

Continual learning empowers models to adapt autonomously to the ever-changing environment or data streams without forgetting old knowledge. Prompt-based approaches are built on frozen pre-trained models to learn the task-specific prompts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Zhanxin Gao , Jun Cen , Xiaobin Chang

Prompts have been shown to be an effective method to adapt a frozen Pretrained Language Model (PLM) to perform well on downstream tasks. Prompts can be represented by a human-engineered word sequence or by a learned continuous embedding. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Jonathan Pilault , Can Liu , Mohit Bansal , Markus Dreyer

Text matching is a fundamental technique in both information retrieval and natural language processing. Text matching tasks share the same paradigm that determines the relationship between two given texts. The relationships vary from task…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Shicheng Xu , Liang Pang , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

In previous works, neural sequence models have been shown to improve significantly if external prior knowledge can be provided, for instance by allowing the model to access the embeddings of explicit features during both training and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-31 Cong Duy Vu Hoang , Ioan Calapodescu , Marc Dymetman

Several recent works demonstrate that transformers can implement algorithms like gradient descent. By a careful construction of weights, these works show that multiple layers of transformers are expressive enough to simulate iterations of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Kwangjun Ahn , Xiang Cheng , Hadi Daneshmand , Suvrit Sra

Large language models have exhibited intriguing in-context learning capability, achieving promising zero- and few-shot performance without updating the parameters. However, conventional in-context learning is usually restricted by length…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Yaru Hao , Yutao Sun , Li Dong , Zhixiong Han , Yuxian Gu , Furu Wei

Recent works have shown that deep neural networks benefit from multi-task learning by learning a shared representation across several related tasks. However, performance of such systems depend on relative weighting between various losses…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Pavan Kumar Anasosalu Vasu , Shreyas Saxena , Oncel Tuzel

Neural sequence models, especially transformers, exhibit a remarkable capacity for in-context learning. They can construct new predictors from sequences of labeled examples $(x, f(x))$ presented in the input without further parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Ekin Akyürek , Dale Schuurmans , Jacob Andreas , Tengyu Ma , Denny Zhou

Prompt-based fine-tuning has boosted the performance of Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) on few-shot text classification by employing task-specific prompts. Yet, PLMs are unfamiliar with prompt-style expressions during pre-training, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Jianing Wang , Chengyu Wang , Fuli Luo , Chuanqi Tan , Minghui Qiu , Fei Yang , Qiuhui Shi , Songfang Huang , Ming Gao