Related papers: Time operator from parametrization invariance and …
The kinematic time operator can be naturally defined in relativistic and nonrelativistic quantum mechanics (QM) by treating time on an equal footing with space. The spacetime-position operator acts in the Hilbert space of functions of space…
We propose a new point of view regarding the problem of time in quantum mechanics, based on the idea of replacing the usual time operator $\mathbf{T}$ with a suitable real-valued function $T$ on the space of physical states. The proper…
A general classical theorem is presented according to which all invariant relations among the space time metric scalars, when turned into functions on the Phase Space of full Pure Gravity (using the Canonical Equations of motion), become…
An apparent paradox is resolved that concerns the existence of time operators which have been derived for the quantum harmonic oscillator. There is an apparent paradox because, although a time operator is canonically conjugate to the…
A self-adjoint dynamical time operator is introduced in Dirac's relativistic formulation of quantum mechanics and shown to satisfy a commutation relation with the Hamiltonian analogous to that of the position and momentum operators. The…
It is shown that in presence of certain external fields a well defined self-adjoint time operator exists, satisfying the standard canonical commutation relations with the Hamiltonian. Examples include uniform electric and gravitational…
All covariant time operators with normalized probability distribution are derived. Symmetry criteria are invoked to arrive at a unique expression for a given Hamiltonian. As an application, a well known result for the arrival time…
Operator-ordering in quantum cosmology is a major as-yet unsettled ambiguity with not only formal but also physical consequences. We determine the Lagrangian origin of the conformal invariance that underlies the conformal operator-ordering…
The self adjoint operator of time in non-relativistic quantum mechanics is found within the approach where the ordinary Hamiltonian is not taken to be conjugate to time. The operator version of the reexpressed Liouville equation with the…
The problem of time in the quantization of gravity arises from the fact that time in Schroedinger's equation is a parameter. This sets time apart from the spatial coordinates, represented by operators in quantum mechanics (QM). Thus "time"…
There are enough reasons for us to consider time as a dynamical variable or operator; but according to Pauli's argument the existence of a self-adjoint time operator is incompatible with the semi-boundedness of Hamiltonian spectrum. In this…
Quantum mechanical time operator is introduced following the parametric formulation of classical mechanics in the extended phase space. Quantum constraint on the extended quantum system is defined in analogy to the constraint of the…
We formulate the Lagrangian of the Newtonian cosmology where the cosmological constant is also introduced. Following the affine quantization procedure, the Hamiltonian operator is derived. The wave functions of the Newtonian universe and…
The quantum-mechanical framework in which observables are associated with Hermitian operators is too narrow to discuss measurements of such important physical quantities as elapsed time or harmonic-oscillator phase. We introduce a broader…
We propose that cosmological time is {\it effectively} the conjugate of the constants of nature. Different definitions of time arise, with the most relevant related to the constant controlling the dynamics in each epoch. The Hamiltonian…
The problem of time in quantum mechanics concerns the fact that in the Schr\"odinger equation time is a parameter, not an operator. Pauli's objection to a time-energy uncertainty relation analogue to the position-momentum one, conjectured…
A modification of the canonical quantization procedure for systems with time-dependent second-class constraints is discussed and applied to the quantization of the relativistic particle in a plane wave. The time dependence of constraints…
The failure of conventional quantum theory to recognize time as an observable and to admit time operators is addressed. Instead of focusing on the existence of a time operator for a given Hamiltonian, we emphasize the role of the…
It is well known that nonrelativistic quantum mechanics presents a clear asymmetry between space and time. Much of this asymmetry is attributed to the lack of Lorentz invariance of the theory. Nonetheless, a recent work [Phys. Rev. A…
We address the multiplicity of solutions to the time-energy canonical commutation relation for a given Hamiltonian. Specifically, we consider a particle spatially confined in a potential free interval, where it is known that two distinct…