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Federated learning (FL) is a promising way to allow multiple data owners (clients) to collaboratively train machine learning models without compromising data privacy. Yet, existing FL solutions usually rely on a centralized aggregator for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Nanqing Dong , Jiahao Sun , Zhipeng Wang , Shuoying Zhang , Shuhao Zheng

Blockchain-based decentralised lending is a rapidly growing and evolving alternative to traditional lending, but it poses new risks. To mitigate these risks, lending protocols have integrated automated risk management tools into their smart…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-10-02 Erum Iftikhar , Wei Wei , John Cartlidge

For a safe and reliable operation of the smart grid, timely detection of cyber-attacks is of critical importance. Moreover, considering smarter and more capable attackers, robust detection mechanisms are needed against a diverse range of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Mehmet Necip Kurt , Yasin Yilmaz , Xiaodong Wang

We propose a new, more potent attack on decentralized exchanges. This attack leverages absolute commitments, which are commitments that can condition on the strategies made by other agents. This attack allows an adversary to charge monopoly…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Daji Landis , Nikolaj I. Schwartzbach

Technological advancement drives financial innovation, reshaping the traditional finance landscape and redefining user-market interactions. The rise of blockchain and Decentralized Finance (DeFi) underscores this intertwined evolution of…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-11-27 Xihan Xiong , Zhipeng Wang , Tianxiang Cui , William Knottenbelt , Michael Huth

Smart contracts extended blockchain functionality beyond simple transactions, powering complex applications like decentralized finance (DeFi). However, this complexity introduces serious security challenges, including price manipulation and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Bowen Cai , Weiheng Bai , Hangyun Tang , Youshui Lu , Kangjie Lu

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) is a new paradigm in the creation, distribution, and utilization of financial services via the integration of blockchain technology. Our research conducts a comprehensive introduction and meticulous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Erya Jiang , Bo Qin , Qin Wang , Zhipeng Wang , Qianhong Wu , Jian Weng , Xinyu Li , Chenyang Wang , Yuhang Ding , Yanran Zhang

The trustless nature of permissionless blockchains renders overcollateralization a key safety component relied upon by decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols. Nonetheless, factors such as price volatility may undermine this mechanism. In…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-12-14 Daniel Perez , Sam M. Werner , Jiahua Xu , Benjamin Livshits

Given the increasing complexity of threats in smart cities, the changing environment, and the weakness of traditional security systems, which in most cases fail to detect serious threats such as zero-day attacks, the need for alternative…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Konstantinos Demertzis

As of August 2022, blockchain-based assets boast a combined market capitalisation exceeding one trillion USD, among which the most prominent are the decentralised autonomous organisation (DAO) tokens associated with decentralised finance…

General Economics · Economics 2025-05-08 Teng Andrea Xu , Jiahua Xu , Kristof Lommers

The advent of smart contracts has enabled the rapid rise of Decentralized Finance (DeFi) on the Ethereum blockchain, offering substantial rewards in financial innovation and inclusivity. This growth, however, is accompanied by significant…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Shabnam Fazliani , Mohammad Mowlavi Sorond , Arsalan Masoudifard

Fraud across the decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem is growing, with victims losing billions to DeFi scams every year. However, there is a disconnect between the reported value of these scams and associated legal prosecutions. We use…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Arianna Trozze , Toby Davies , Bennett Kleinberg

In recent years, the Decentralized Finance (DeFi) market has witnessed numerous attacks on the price oracle, leading to substantial economic losses. Despite the advent of truth discovery methods opening up new avenues for oracle…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Youquan Xian , Peng Liu , Dongcheng Li , Xueying Zeng

In the recent years cyberattacks to smart grids are becoming more frequent Among the many malicious activities that can be launched against smart grids False Data Injection FDI attacks have raised significant concerns from both academia and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Muhammad Irfan , Alireza Sadighian , Adeen Tanveer , Shaikha J. Al-Naimi , Gabriele Oligeri

The emergence of metaverse brings tremendous evolution to Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), which could certify the ownership the unique digital asset in the cyber world. The NFT market has garnered unprecedented attention from investors and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Zheng Cao , Yi Zhen , Gang Fan , Sheng Gao

Credit exposure in Decentralized Finance (DeFi) is often implicit and token-mediated, creating a dense web of inter-protocol dependencies. Thus, a shock to one token may result in significant and uncontrolled contagion effects. As the DeFi…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Aijie Shu , Wenbin Wu , Gbenga Ibikunle , Fengxiang He

The rapid growth of Blockchain and Decentralized Finance (DeFi) has introduced new challenges and vulnerabilities that threaten the integrity and efficiency of the ecosystem. This study identifies critical issues such as Transaction Order…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Xiongfei Zhao , Hou-Wan Long , Zhengzhe Li , Jiangchuan Liu , Yain-Whar Si

The increased adoption of smart contracts in many industries has made them an attractive target for cybercriminals, leading to millions of dollars in losses. Thus, deploying smart contracts with detected vulnerabilities (known to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Pengcheng , Peng , Yun , Qingzhao , Tao , Dawn , Prateek , Sanjeev , Zhuotao , Xusheng

The Lightning Network promises to alleviate Bitcoin's known scalability problems. The operation of such second layer approaches relies on the ability of participants to turn to the blockchain to claim funds at any time, which is assumed to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-28 Jona Harris , Aviv Zohar

The use of blockchains for automated and adversarial trading has become commonplace. However, due to the transparent nature of blockchains, an adversary is able to observe any pending, not-yet-mined transactions, along with their execution…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Kaihua Qin , Stefanos Chaliasos , Liyi Zhou , Benjamin Livshits , Dawn Song , Arthur Gervais